Infectious Disease Flashcards
Gram positive bacteria definition
Have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall
Will stain with crystal violet stain
what type of bacteria can amoxicillin be used for
streptococcus (pneumococcus)
staphylococcus
oral anaerobes
haemophilus
amoxicillin allergy
give doxycycline/macrolide (clarithromycin)
what is flucoxacillin used for
staphylococcus infections
skin (cellulitis)
bone (osteomyelitis)
Cellulitis
Infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue
Presents with:
Warm, erythematous, painful plaque
Not well demarcated
dry cough, constipation, abdominal distension, increased bowel sounds, bradycardia, rose spots over torso
what is it? Ix?
typhoid
bone marrow aspirate
swollen cheeks, swollen painful testicles, meningitis/encephalitis
mumps
how does prion disease present
dementia
worsening cognitive impairment
myoclonus
cortical blindness
whipple’s disease Px
Multisystem disorder!!!!!
abdominal lymphadenopathy
iron deficiency anaemia
hyperpigmentation
cognitive decline
MONO
cause, px, dx, mx
Epstein barr virus
sore throat, fever, lymphadenopathy
monospot test
supportive Mx
lyme disease
cause, px, dx, mx
borellia
bulls eye rash (erythema migraines), fever
ELISA antibody test
doxycycline
rubella
cause, px, dx,
togavirus
fever, maculopapular rash that spares limbs, post auricular and sub occipital lymphadenopathy
dx: rubella specific IgM
creutzfeld-jakob disease
+ Dx
neurodegenerative prion infection
Dx on MRI
pregnant, exposed to chicken pox, asymptomatic
check varicella Immunoglobulins
administer Ig if they don’t have
pregnant, has chicken pox
aciclovir
kaposis sarcoma Px and cause
q
caused by human herpes 8
purple lesions over body
Farmer, weight loss, swollen joints
??? And Mx
Whipples disease
One year of co trimoxazole
presentation of creutzfled jakob disease
progressive worsening dementia with myoclonic jerks
2 features of measles + Mx
white koplik spots
macular rash
self resolving
Group a strep causes
Rheumatic fever
Tonsillitis
Scarlet fever
Group b strep causes
Septic abortion
Morphology of c diff
Gram positive rod
Abx for shigella 1st and 2nd line
- Ciprofloxacin 1 day
- Azithromycin 3 days
2 features of scarlet fever, association, Mx
sandpaper rash
strawberry rash
assoc w Strep A
phenoxymethylpenicillin 10 days
congenital rubella syndrome triad
deafness
blindness
PDA / congenital heart disease
rubella 2 features and Mx
mild macular rash
post auricular and sub occipital lymphadenopathy
self resolving
parvovirus b19 2 features and mx
slapped cheek rash
reticular rash on trunk
self resolving
roseola infantum 2 features, Mx, complication
very high fever
mild macular rash
self resolving
febrile convulsions
Px of cholera
secretory diarrhoea
hypovolemia
otherwise asymptomatic
Dx of cholera
dark field microscopy of perianal swab
TCBS agar (grows yellow colonies overnight)
cause of cholera
vibrio cholerae
Mx of cholera 2 points
fluid replacement
ciprofloxacin
diphtheria PX
exotoxin from the bacteria disrupts neuro supply of palate and hypopharynx → Paralysis + obstruction of larynx
Myocarditis
Peripheral neuropathy
diphtheria Mx
Penicillin
isolation
cardiac monitor
giardiasis Px
interferes with enteric brush border
watery diarrhoea, bloating, vomiting
abdo pain
steatorrhoea
chronic malabsoprtion
giardiasis Dx
Stool antigen
cultures
giardiasis Mx
metronidazole
what organism is assoc with aspiration pneumonia
klebsiella pneumonia
what organism is assoc with COPD exacerbation
haemophilus influenza
what organism causes rust coloured sputum in pneumonia
strep pneumoniae
Morphology of strep pneumoniae
Gram positive diplococcus
Morphology of neisseria meningitides
Gram negative
difference between erythema migrans and erythema multiforme
migrans: lyme disease, not itchy
multiforme: 90% after viral infections, itchy, blistering of oral mucosa
Px of nec fasc
pain out of proportion of injury
anaesthesia along the site
subcutaneous gas
infection can spread to deeper layers of fascia, but not to the muscles
oedema
erythema
Mx of nec fasc
surgical debridement1
most common cause of bacterial endocarditis
staph aureus
most common cause of bacterial endocarditis after dental work
strep viridans
difference between giardiasis and cholera
giardiasis has bloating, flatulence etc
cholera mainly watery diarrhoea
Mx of lyme disease with severe cardiac features
Iv ceftriaxone, continous ECG
investigation for lyme disease except in what case?
immunofluorescence assay
except when there is a high index of clinical suspicion -> no Ix just treat
most common causative agent of gangrene
clostridium perfringens
management of MRSA before surgery
Nasal mupirocin + chlorhexidine for the skin.
1st line mx for amoebiasis
Metronidazole
Allergic to penicillin and is pregnant. What med?
Erythromycin
HIV: CD4 count <200 what Mx
HAART + co trimoxazole for jirovecii prophylaxis
