Infectious Disease

Question 1

Gram positive bacteria definition

Answer 1

Have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall
Will stain with crystal violet stain

Question 2

what type of bacteria can amoxicillin be used for

Answer 2

streptococcus (pneumococcus)
staphylococcus
oral anaerobes
haemophilus

Question 3

amoxicillin allergy

Answer 3

give doxycycline/macrolide (clarithromycin)

Question 4

what is flucoxacillin used for

Answer 4

staphylococcus infections
skin (cellulitis)
bone (osteomyelitis)

Question 5

Cellulitis

Answer 5

Infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue
Presents with:
Warm, erythematous, painful plaque
Not well demarcated

Question 6

dry cough, constipation, abdominal distension, increased bowel sounds, bradycardia, rose spots over torso
what is it? Ix?

Answer 6

typhoid
bone marrow aspirate

Question 7

swollen cheeks, swollen painful testicles, meningitis/encephalitis

Answer 7

mumps

Question 8

how does prion disease present

Answer 8

dementia
worsening cognitive impairment
myoclonus
cortical blindness

Question 9

whipple’s disease Px

Answer 9

Multisystem disorder!!!!!
abdominal lymphadenopathy
iron deficiency anaemia
hyperpigmentation
cognitive decline

Question 10

MONO
cause, px, dx, mx

Answer 10

Epstein barr virus
sore throat, fever, lymphadenopathy
monospot test
supportive Mx

Question 11

lyme disease
cause, px, dx, mx

Answer 11

borellia
bulls eye rash (erythema migraines), fever
ELISA antibody test
doxycycline

Question 12

rubella
cause, px, dx,

Answer 12

togavirus
fever, maculopapular rash that spares limbs, post auricular and sub occipital lymphadenopathy
dx: rubella specific IgM

Question 13

creutzfeld-jakob disease
+ Dx

Answer 13

neurodegenerative prion infection
Dx on MRI

Question 14

pregnant, exposed to chicken pox, asymptomatic

Answer 14

check varicella Immunoglobulins
administer Ig if they don’t have

Question 15

pregnant, has chicken pox

Answer 15

aciclovir

Question 16

kaposis sarcoma Px and cause
q

Answer 16

caused by human herpes 8
purple lesions over body

Question 17

Farmer, weight loss, swollen joints
??? And Mx

Answer 17

Whipples disease
One year of co trimoxazole

Question 18

presentation of creutzfled jakob disease

Answer 18

progressive worsening dementia with myoclonic jerks

Question 19

2 features of measles + Mx

Answer 19

white koplik spots
macular rash
self resolving

Question 20

Group a strep causes

Answer 20

Rheumatic fever
Tonsillitis
Scarlet fever

Question 21

Group b strep causes

Answer 21

Septic abortion

Question 22

Morphology of c diff

Answer 22

Gram positive rod

Question 23

Abx for shigella 1st and 2nd line

Answer 23

1. Ciprofloxacin 1 day
2. Azithromycin 3 days

Question 24

2 features of scarlet fever, association, Mx

Answer 24

sandpaper rash
strawberry rash
assoc w Strep A
phenoxymethylpenicillin 10 days

Question 25

congenital rubella syndrome triad

Answer 25

deafness
blindness
PDA / congenital heart disease

Question 26

rubella 2 features and Mx

Answer 26

mild macular rash
post auricular and sub occipital lymphadenopathy
self resolving

Question 27

parvovirus b19 2 features and mx

Answer 27

slapped cheek rash
reticular rash on trunk
self resolving

Question 28

roseola infantum 2 features, Mx, complication

Answer 28

very high fever
mild macular rash

self resolving

febrile convulsions

Question 29

Px of cholera

Answer 29

secretory diarrhoea
hypovolemia
otherwise asymptomatic

Question 30

Dx of cholera

Answer 30

dark field microscopy of perianal swab
TCBS agar (grows yellow colonies overnight)

Question 31

cause of cholera

Answer 31

vibrio cholerae

Question 32

Mx of cholera

Answer 32

fluid replacement
ciprofloxacin

Question 33

diphtheria PX

Answer 33

exotoxin from the bacteria disrupts neuro supply of palate and hypopharynx → Paralysis + obstruction of larynx

Myocarditis

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 34

diphtheria Mx

Answer 34

Penicillin

isolation

cardiac monitor

Question 35

giardiasis Px

Answer 35

interferes with enteric brush border

watery diarrhoea, bloating, vomiting

abdo pain

steatorrhoea

chronic malabsoprtion

Question 36

giardiasis Dx

Answer 36

Stool antigen

cultures

Question 37

giardiasis Mx

Answer 37

metronidazole

Question 38

what organism is assoc with aspiration pneumonia

Answer 38

klebsiella pneumonia

Question 39

what organism is assoc with COPD exacerbation

Answer 39

haemophilus influenza

Question 40

what organism causes rust coloured sputum in pneumonia

Answer 40

strep pneumoniae

Question 41

Morphology of strep pneumoniae

Answer 41

Gram positive diplococcus

Question 42

Morphology of neisseria meningitides

Answer 42

Gram negative

Question 43

difference between erythema migrans and erythema multiforme

Answer 43

migrans: lyme disease, not itchy

multiforme: 90% after viral infections, itchy, blistering of oral mucosa

Question 44

Px of nec fasc

Answer 44

pain out of proportion of injury
anaesthesia along the site
subcutaneous gas
infection can spread to deeper layers of fascia, but not to the muscles
oedema
erythema

Question 45

Mx of nec fasc

Answer 45

surgical debridement1

Question 46

most common cause of bacterial endocarditis

Answer 46

staph aureus

Question 47

most common cause of bacterial endocarditis after dental work

Answer 47

strep viridans

Question 48

difference between giardiasis and cholera

Answer 48

giardiasis has bloating, flatulence etc

cholera mainly watery diarrhoea

Question 49

Mx of lyme disease with severe cardiac features

Answer 49

Iv ceftriaxone, continous ECG

Question 50

investigation for lyme disease except in what case?

Answer 50

immunofluorescence assay
except when there is a high index of clinical suspicion -> no Ix just treat

Question 51

most common causative agent of gangrene

Answer 51

clostridium perfringens

Question 52

management of MRSA before surgery

Answer 52

Nasal mupirocin + chlorhexidine for the skin.