Regional Control of Blood Flow & Hypertensive Disorders - QUIZ

Question 1

The carotid sinus baroreceptors are located on the internal carotid arteries and are innervated by the vagus nerve. True or False?

Answer 1

False

Question 2

An elevation in arterial PCO2 causes central chemoreceptors to increase their firing, which leads to systemic vasoconstriction. True or False?

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Primary hypertension may be caused by:

a) Excessive vascular production of nitric oxide.
b) Impaired renal secretion of sodium.
c) Reduced vascular tone.
d) Reduced endothelin production.

Answer 3

b) Impaired renal secretion of sodium.

Question 4

Most hypertension in the general population is secondary hypertension.

True or False?

Answer 4

False

Question 5

Which of the following are potential secondary causes of hypertension?  
Select ALL that apply.
a) Hypothyroidism.
b) Hyperthyroidism.
c) ACE inhibitor use.
d) Obstructive sleep apnea.
e) White coat hypertension.

Answer 5

a) Hypothyroidism.
b) Hyperthyroidism.
d) Obstructive sleep apnea.

Question 6

Which of the following is the most common type of end-organ damage associated with hypertensive emergencies?

a) Cerebral hemorrhage.
b) Hypertensive encephalopathy.
c) Aortic dissection.
d) Pulmonary edema.

Answer 6

d) Pulmonary edema.

Question 7

Which of the following is accurate about the presentation and workup for hypertensive emergency and hypertensive urgency?

a) The initial presentation of a hypertensive emergency on cardiac workup is often sinus node dysfunction.
b) Neurologic focal signs and symptoms are common in patients with hypertensive emergency during a neurologic examination.
c) A patient with hypertensive emergency may present with encephalopathy, left ventricular failure, and/or hematuria.
d) All patients with hypertensive urgency require laboratory studies, ECG, and radiologic testing.

Answer 7

c) A patient with hypertensive emergency may present with encephalopathy, left ventricular failure, and/or hematuria.

Question 8

Which of the following is accurate about the treatment of hypertensive emergencies and related concerns?

a) In patients with preeclampsia or eclampsia, the preferred mediations include labetalol and nifedipine.
b) For patients with cocaine-associated acute coronary syndromes or pheochromocytoma, the preferred initial medications are beta-adrenergic antagonists, which should be administered prior to phentolamine.
c) For patients with aortic dissection with aortic valvular regurgitation or suspected cardiac tamponade, the preferred medications are beta-blockers.
d) For patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage, the preferred medications are nitroprusside and hydralazine.

Answer 8

a) In patients with preeclampsia or eclampsia, the preferred mediations include labetalol and nifedipine.