Practice Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

When might ACE inhibitor use increase the risk of adverse hypotension?

A

Furosemide use

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2
Q

Angiotensin II causes ______ of the blood vessels and triggers the release of _______.

A

Vasoconstriction; aldosterone

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3
Q

Which best describes the mechanism of action and/or pharmacology of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)?

A

Binds less to plasma proteins and platelets; has a more predictable anticoagulant response; lower risk of bleeding

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4
Q

A 62 male presents to ther ED with complaints of abdominal pain and foul-smelling urine for the past 2 weeks. His medical history is significant for chronic kidney disease with proteinuria and non-insulin dependent diabetes. His medications include Lisinopril 40mg/day, Metformin 850mg/day and Dapagliflozin 10mg/day. He has had poor PO intake for a number of days. His BP is 95/65, HR is 92bpm (strong and regular) and temperature is 39 C. Air entry is clear. A urinalysis is positive for a urinary tract infection (UTI). His creatinine level is double his previous recorded value from one month ago. After receiving 1L of fluid, his urine output is measured at 0.3 ml/kg/hr. The laboratory results are listed below. An ECG shows sinus tachycardia and peaked T waves.

Which factor is most likely to contribute to hyperkalemia?

A

Chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury and Lisinopril use

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5
Q

What is a potential complication of massive blood transfusions?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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6
Q

How is the term “ventilatory sensitivity” best described?

A

Patient triggered inspiration

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7
Q

The maximum occluded suction pressure recommended for suctioning endotracheal tubes in adults is?

A

120mmHg

*BLS standards say 150mmHg

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8
Q

Which statement best defines acidosis in the setting of an acid-base disorder?

A

Decreased extracellular fluid pH (Hydrogen ion concentration increases), caused by a decrease in serum bicarbonate (HCO3) and/or increased PCO2

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9
Q

What is most likely to cause an underlying anion gap metabolic acidosis?

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis acidosis

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10
Q

Which factors in the coagulation profile are assessed using prothrombin time with international normalised ratio (PT)/INR?

A

Extrinsic (Factor VII) and Common (Factors X, V, II, Fibrinogen) coagulation factors

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11
Q

Which are most likely to confirm a differential diagnosis of Cholestasis?

A

Elevated ALP and GCT

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12
Q

A 40 year old male presents to the ED with a history of syncope and seizure activity. What is the most likely diagnosis based on the clinical history and ECG findings?

A

Brugada Syndrome

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13
Q

A 44 year old presents with acute onset substernal chest pain, nausea and diaphoresis ongoing x10hrs. He has a history of hyperlipidemia and significant family history of MI. What is the likely diagnosis based on the 12-lead ECG below?

A

Posterior aMI

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14
Q

Which most likely contributes to the development of essential/primary hypertension?

A

Impaired renal secretion of sodium

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15
Q

What is a coagulation profile most likely to show in a patient with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

A

Increased aPTT, decreased platelets, decreased fibrinogen

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16
Q

Identify the anatomical structures highlighted by the arrows on the following chest xray.

A

a) Right mainstem bronchus
b) Left ventricle
c) Aortic arch
d) Descending thoracic artery

17
Q
A 66 year old male has a cardiac arrest with ROSC at 6 minutes. The Arterial blood gas shows the following results:
Serum pH: 	7.14
Serum pCO2: 	60.8mmHg
Serum HCO3: 	12 mmol/L
Serum PaO2: 	70mmHg
Base Excess: 	-9.1

What does the blood gas show?

A

Mixed metabolic and respiratory acidosis

18
Q

Which fracture pattern is depicted on the xray?

A

Vertical sheer

19
Q

Which anatomical structure is best highlighted within the red circle?

A

Superior pubic ramus

20
Q

Lidocaine is best classified as which antiarrhythmic?

A

Class Ib Na+ channel blocker

21
Q

Match the following medications with the primary neurotransmitters targeted:

Ondansetron
Haloperidol Lactate
DimenhyDRINATE

Dopamine D2
Serotonin 5HT2-4
Histamine H1

A

Ondansetron - Serotonin 5HT2-4
Haloperidol - Dopamine D2
DimenhyDRINATE - Histamine H1

22
Q

In the context of mechanical ventilation, which best describes the term “bias flow”?

A

Flow in the ventilator circuit during the expiratory phase

23
Q

A 43 year male presented to the ED with a 4 day history of cough, fever and increasing respiratory distress. Which best describes the findings on this xray?

A

Right lower lobe pneumonia