Practice Quiz Flashcards
When might ACE inhibitor use increase the risk of adverse hypotension?
Furosemide use
Angiotensin II causes ______ of the blood vessels and triggers the release of _______.
Vasoconstriction; aldosterone
Which best describes the mechanism of action and/or pharmacology of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)?
Binds less to plasma proteins and platelets; has a more predictable anticoagulant response; lower risk of bleeding
A 62 male presents to ther ED with complaints of abdominal pain and foul-smelling urine for the past 2 weeks. His medical history is significant for chronic kidney disease with proteinuria and non-insulin dependent diabetes. His medications include Lisinopril 40mg/day, Metformin 850mg/day and Dapagliflozin 10mg/day. He has had poor PO intake for a number of days. His BP is 95/65, HR is 92bpm (strong and regular) and temperature is 39 C. Air entry is clear. A urinalysis is positive for a urinary tract infection (UTI). His creatinine level is double his previous recorded value from one month ago. After receiving 1L of fluid, his urine output is measured at 0.3 ml/kg/hr. The laboratory results are listed below. An ECG shows sinus tachycardia and peaked T waves.
Which factor is most likely to contribute to hyperkalemia?
Chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury and Lisinopril use
What is a potential complication of massive blood transfusions?
Metabolic alkalosis
How is the term “ventilatory sensitivity” best described?
Patient triggered inspiration
The maximum occluded suction pressure recommended for suctioning endotracheal tubes in adults is?
120mmHg
*BLS standards say 150mmHg
Which statement best defines acidosis in the setting of an acid-base disorder?
Decreased extracellular fluid pH (Hydrogen ion concentration increases), caused by a decrease in serum bicarbonate (HCO3) and/or increased PCO2
What is most likely to cause an underlying anion gap metabolic acidosis?
Diabetic ketoacidosis acidosis
Which factors in the coagulation profile are assessed using prothrombin time with international normalised ratio (PT)/INR?
Extrinsic (Factor VII) and Common (Factors X, V, II, Fibrinogen) coagulation factors
Which are most likely to confirm a differential diagnosis of Cholestasis?
Elevated ALP and GCT
A 40 year old male presents to the ED with a history of syncope and seizure activity. What is the most likely diagnosis based on the clinical history and ECG findings?
Brugada Syndrome
A 44 year old presents with acute onset substernal chest pain, nausea and diaphoresis ongoing x10hrs. He has a history of hyperlipidemia and significant family history of MI. What is the likely diagnosis based on the 12-lead ECG below?
Posterior aMI
Which most likely contributes to the development of essential/primary hypertension?
Impaired renal secretion of sodium
What is a coagulation profile most likely to show in a patient with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
Increased aPTT, decreased platelets, decreased fibrinogen
Identify the anatomical structures highlighted by the arrows on the following chest xray.
a) Right mainstem bronchus
b) Left ventricle
c) Aortic arch
d) Descending thoracic artery
A 66 year old male has a cardiac arrest with ROSC at 6 minutes. The Arterial blood gas shows the following results: Serum pH: 7.14 Serum pCO2: 60.8mmHg Serum HCO3: 12 mmol/L Serum PaO2: 70mmHg Base Excess: -9.1
What does the blood gas show?
Mixed metabolic and respiratory acidosis
Which fracture pattern is depicted on the xray?
Vertical sheer
Which anatomical structure is best highlighted within the red circle?
Superior pubic ramus
Lidocaine is best classified as which antiarrhythmic?
Class Ib Na+ channel blocker
Match the following medications with the primary neurotransmitters targeted:
Ondansetron
Haloperidol Lactate
DimenhyDRINATE
Dopamine D2
Serotonin 5HT2-4
Histamine H1
Ondansetron - Serotonin 5HT2-4
Haloperidol - Dopamine D2
DimenhyDRINATE - Histamine H1
In the context of mechanical ventilation, which best describes the term “bias flow”?
Flow in the ventilator circuit during the expiratory phase
A 43 year male presented to the ED with a 4 day history of cough, fever and increasing respiratory distress. Which best describes the findings on this xray?
Right lower lobe pneumonia
