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Gastrointestinal > Reflux, Barrett's and Dysmotility > Flashcards

Reflux, Barrett's and Dysmotility Flashcards

1
Q

causes of Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)

A

poor oesophageal clearance
barrier function/visceral sensitivity
incompetent lower oesophageal sphincter

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2
Q

symptoms of GORD

A 
heartburn
acid reflux
waterbrash
dysphagia 
weight loss
chest pain 
hoarseness
coughing 
odynophagia (painful swallowing)
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3
Q

tests for GORD

A

endoscopy
Ba swallow
oesophageal manometry and pH studies
nuclear studies

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4
Q

what is dyspepsia

A

indigestion - discomfort/pain in upper abdomen

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5
Q

those at risk of oesophageal carcinoma

A

not very common

males (M:F = 4:1)

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6
Q

treatment of oesophageal carcinoma

A

radiotherapy
surgery
palliative care

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7
Q

management of GORD

A 
symptoms relief
healing oesophagitis
prevent complications 
lifestyle medications  
drug treatment 
surgery
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8
Q

life modifications in GORD

A

stop smoking
weight loss
prop up bed head
avoid provoking factors

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9
Q

drug treatment for GORD - symptom relief

A

antacids

H2 antagonists

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10
Q

describe antacids

A

symptomatic relief - no healing and does not prevent complications

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11
Q

types of H2 antagonists

A

cimetidine

ranitidine

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12
Q

describe H2 antagonists - cimetidine

A

rapid symptom relief

less effective at healing than placebo

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13
Q

describe H2 antagonists - ranitidine

A

poor in preventing relapse and complications

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14
Q

drug treatment for GORD - healing

A

proton pump inhibitors

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15
Q

types of proton pump inhibitors

A

omeprazole

lansoprazole

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16
Q

describe Barrett’s oesophagus

A

intestinal metaplasia -increased risk of adenocarcinoma

irreversible

17
Q

management of dysplasia

A 
frequent surveillance 
optimise proton pump inhibitor dose 
endoscope mucosal resection 
radio frequency ablation 
argon
18
Q

what is hiatus hernia

A

part of stomach pushes through into lower chest via weakness in diaphragm

19
Q

types of hiatus hernia

A

sliding

paraoesophageal

20
Q

what is gastroparesis

A

delayed gastric emptying

no physical obstruction

21
Q

symptoms of gastroparesis

A 
feeling of fullness
nausea
vomiting 
weight loss
upper abdominal pain
22
Q

causes of gastroparesis

A 
idiopathic 
diabetes mellitus 
cannabis
medication 
systemic diseases
23
Q

tests for gastroparesis

A

gastric emptying studies

24
Q

management of gastroparesis

A 
removal of precipitating factors (drugs)
liquid diet
eat little and often
promotility agents 
gastric pacemaker
25
Q

what is achalasia

A

lower oesophageal sphincter fails to open up during swallowing leading to a backup of food within oesophagus

Gastrointestinal (71 decks)

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