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Gastrointestinal > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

epithelium covering oral cavity, oropharynx and laryngopharnyx

A

stratified squamous epithelium

not ketarinized

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2
Q

epithelium covering nasal cavity and nasopharnyx

A

respiratory epithelium

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3
Q

anterior tongue

A

stratified squamous epithelium;
thin on ventral surface
thick and with papillae on dorsal surface

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4
Q

posterior tongue

A

smooth stratified squamous epithelium
lacks papillae, with exception of circumvallate papillae
circumvallate papillae has substantial lymphoid aggregates in submucosa

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5
Q

papillae of tongue

A 
anterior to posterior;
fungiform
circumvallate
foliate
filiform - no tastebuds
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6
Q

lymphoid tissue of the pharnyx

A

composed of palatine tonsils
lingual tonsils
tubal tonsils
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

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7
Q

4 layers of digestive tract

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa/adventitia

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8
Q

mucosa

A

3 parts;
epithelium - sits on basal lamina
lamina propria - loose connective tissue
muscularis mucosae - smooth muscle

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9
Q

submucosa

A

connective tissue

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10
Q

muscularis externa

A

2 thick layers of smooth muscle
inner circular layer
outer longitudinal layer

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11
Q

serosa/adventitia

A

connective tissue - suspends digestive tract or attaches it to other organs

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12
Q

variations of oesophagus

A

contains submucosal glands

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13
Q

transition of epithelium from oesophagus to stomach

A

abrupt transition from stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar epithelium of the cardia of stomach

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14
Q

stomach

A

contains gastric pits lined by surface mucous cells on epithelium
gastric glands at bottom of gastric pits

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15
Q

cells of the gastric glands - isthmus

A

parietal cells

stem cells

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16
Q

cells of the gastric glands - neck

A

neck mucous cells

parietal cells

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17
Q

cells of the gastric glands - fundus (base)

A

chief cells
few parietal cells
enteroendocrinecells (neuroendocrine cells)

18
Q

chief cells

A

digestive enzyme secreting cell

19
Q

parietal cell

A

hydrochloric acid producing cell

20
Q

regions of the stomach

A

cardia
body
pylorus

21
Q

cardia of the stomach

A

deep gastric pits that branch into loosely packed, tortuous glands

22
Q

body of the stomach

A

shallow gastric pits with long straight gastric glands

23
Q

pylorus of the stomach

A

deep gastric pits with branched, coiled gastric glands at a higher density than in the cardia

24
Q

muscularis externa of stomach

A

contains additional layer - aids churning of stomach
extra layer is oblique to usual circular and longitudinal muscle layers
located internal to circular layer

25
Q

transition from stomach to duodenum

A

abrupt transition from stomach mucosa (mucous) to duodenal mucosa (absorptive)
inner, circular layer of smooth muscle is thickened to form pyloric sphincter

26
Q

small instestine

A 
finger-like projections - villi
between bases of adjacent villi are pits drilling downwards - crypts of lieberkuhn 
made up of;
deudenum 
jejunum 
ileum
27
Q

deudenum

A

receives acidic, partly digested semifluid –> chyme from stomach
differs from other regions of GI tract below the oesophagus as it has glands within the submucosa –> Brunner’s glands
when stimulated by the presence of chyme they produce a thin, alkaline mucous to neutralise the chyme.

25cm

28
Q

jejunum

A

tallest villi, located on permanent circular folds of mucosa and submucosa, the plicae circularis (also contains submucosa)
lymphoid follicles infrequent
2m

29
Q

ileum

A

shorter vili
aggregations of lymphoid follicles called Peyer’s patches found in submucosa often extending in lamina propria
2.75m

30
Q

cells of small intestine

A 
enterocytes 
goblet cells
paneth cells
enteroendocrine 
stem cells
31
Q

enterocytes

A

most numerous
tall columnar cells
brush border
absorptive cell

32
Q

goblet cell

A

produce mucin to protect epithelium

lubricates passage of material

33
Q

paneth cells

A

base of crypts of Lieberkuhn
defensive function
regulates bacterial flora - secrete lysozyme and definsins

34
Q

enteroendocrine (neuroendocrine) cells

A

produce hormones contributing to control of secretion and motility
e.g. gastrin, cholecystokinin, vasoactive intestine peptide

35
Q

stem cells

A

base of crypts of Lieberkuhn

divide to replenish epithelium

36
Q

large intestinal epithelium

A

absorptive cells - removal of salts and water
goblet cells - secretion of mucus to lubricate the colon

arranged into straight, tubular glands that extend down to muscularis mucosae –> crypts

37
Q

teniae of large intestine

A

outer, longitudinal smooth muscle is distinct

not continuous but found in 3 muscular strips –> teniae coli

38
Q

appendix

A

blind-ending hollow extension of the cecum.
structure is similar to the rest of the colon, but crypts are far less abundant and there is circular arrangement of lymphoid tissue in the submucosa and often the lamina propria.
lymphoid tissue declines with age.

39
Q

rectoanal junction

A

distinct junction between mucosa of the rectum and the non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of anal canal
2-3cm long anal canal is continuous with the keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of the surrounding skin.

40
Q

plexuses of enteric nervous system

A

2 plexuses;
one in the submucosa - submucosal) - controls muscle of muscularis mucosae and regulates secretion in epithelium
one between the muscle layers of the muscularis externa - myenteric - controls gut motility

41
Q

what is a ganglion

A

Most neurones live in groups

a group of neurones living outside of the brain and spinal cord is called a ganglion

Gastrointestinal (71 decks)

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