Hernia Flashcards
what is a hernia
abnormal protrusion of a cavity’s contents through a weakness in the wall of a cavity
causes of a hernia
anatomical
inherited collagen disorders
sites where surgical incisions are made
example of anatomical causes of a hernia
sites where structures exit through an opening in the cavity
types of hernia
epigastric spigelian femoral inguinal incisional umbilical
classification of hernia
reducible
incarcerated or irreducible
strangulated
describe reducible hernia
hernia can be easily pushed back into abdomen
describe incarcerated or irreducible hernia
hernia cannot be manipulated back to abdomen
describe strangulated hernia
vascular supply to contents contained within hernia is compromised, resulting in ischaemic and gangrenous tissue
treatment of hernias
conservative/non-surgical management
surgical
define epigastric hernia
fascial defect in the linea alba betune the xiphoid process and the umbilicus
clinical features of epigastric hernia
midline lump
asymptomatic - may present with pain
+incarcerated or strangulated = symptoms dependent on organ involved
epidemiology of paraumbilical hernia
occurs in all age group
aetiology of paraumbilical hernia
stretching of abdominal wall by obesity
multiple pregnancy
ascites
clinical features of paraumbilical hernia
pain
complications of paraumbilical hernia
do not resolve spontaneously
high incidence of incarceration and strangulation
treatment of paraumbilicial hernia
always surgical
aetiology of adult umbilical hernia
persistent elevation of intra-abdominal pressure
clinical features of adult umbilical hernia
pain
treatment of adult umbilical hernia
always surgical
complications of adult umbilical hernia
do not resolve spontaneously
high incidence of incarceration and strangulation
length of the inguinal canal
4cm
describe the pathway the inguinal canal
stars at deep inguinal ring and ends in superficial inguinal ring