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Gastrointestinal > Jaundice 2 > Flashcards

Jaundice 2 Flashcards

1
Q

how is common hepatic duct formed

A

right and left hepatic ducts unite

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2
Q

how is bile duct formed

A

common hepatic duct unties with cystic duct

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3
Q

where does bile duct drain into

A

2nd part of duodenum

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4
Q

describe the course of the bile duct

A

descends posteriorly to the 1st part of duodenum
travels into a groove on the posterior aspect of pancreas
joins with main pancreatic duct
they both then drain into 2nd part of duodenum

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5
Q

what is formed as bile duct joins with main pancreatic duct

A

ampulla of Vater/hepatopancreatic ampulla

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6
Q

how does the bile duct drain into duodenum

A

via major duodenal papilla

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7
Q

what are anatomical sphincters

A

discrete areas where muscle completely encircles the lumen of the tract

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8
Q

smooth muscle sphincters in the biliary tract

A

bile duct sphincter
pancreatic duct sphincter
sphincter of Oddi

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9
Q

function of anatomical sphincters

A

prevent reflux of digestive secretions and duodenal content

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10
Q

specific function of bile duct sphincter

A

controls flow of bile into duodenum

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11
Q

investigation to study biliary tree and pancreas

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

also treats pathologies!!!

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12
Q

extra hepatic obstructive causes of jaundice

A

obstruction of biliary tree
flow of bile back up to the liver
overspill into blood

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13
Q

how may the biliary tree be obstructed

A

gallstones

carcinoma at head of pancreas

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14
Q

describe the structure of the pancreas

A

head (with uncinate process)
neck
body
tail

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15
Q

describe the uncinate process

A

small projection from inferior part of the head of the pancreas and lies posterior to the superior mesenteric artery

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16
Q

describe the pancreas and its location

A

retroperitoneal organ

lies transversely across posterior abdomen

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17
Q

what lies posterior to the pancreas

A 
the right kidney and adrenal gland
IVC
bile duct
abdominal aorta
superior mesenteric vessels
left kidney and adrenal gland
part of the portal venous system
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18
Q

what lies anterior to pancrwas

A

stomach

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19
Q

what surrounds the head of the pancreas

A

duodenum

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20
Q

what lies superoposteriorly to pancreas

A

splenic vessels

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21
Q

parasympathetic nerves of pancreas

A

vagus

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22
Q

sympathetic nerves of pancreas

A

abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

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23
Q

blood supply of pancreas

A

mainly branches from splenic artery - pancreatic branches
close relationship to duodenum and so similar blood supply;
gastroduodenal artery
superior mesenteric artery

24
Q

describe the gastroduodenal artery

A

superior pancreaticoduodenal

25
Q

describe the superior mesenteric artery

A

inferior pancreaticoduodenal

26
Q

inflammation of the pancreas

A

pancreatitis

27
Q

causes of pancreatitis

A

blockage of the ampulla by a gallstone - bile diverted into pancreas leading to irritation and inflammation

28
Q

radiation of pain in the pancreas

A

felt in epigastric and/or umbilical region

may radiate to patient’s back

29
Q

4 parts of duodenum

A 
25cm in length;
superior (intraperitoneal) - duodenal cap
descending (retroperitoneal)
horizontal (retroperitoneal)
ascending (retroperitoneal)
30
Q

where does duodenum begin

A

at pyloric sphincter

31
Q

describe the pylroic sphincter

A

anatomical sphincter controlling the flow of chyme from stomach to duodenum

32
Q

what does duodenum secrete

A

peptide hormones into the blood;
gastrin
CCK

33
Q

where is pain from a duodenal ulcer felt

A

epigastric region

34
Q

sympathetic innervation of pyloric sphincter

A

promotes contraction

35
Q

parasympathetic innervation of pyloric sphincter

A

promotes relaxation

36
Q

blood supply of duodenum

A

gastroduodenal artery

superior mesenteric artery

37
Q

which abdominal quadrant are jejunum and ileum found

A

all quadrants
jejunum - mainly upper left
ileum - mainly lower right

38
Q

where does jejunum begin

A

duodenaljejunal flexure

39
Q

where does ileum end

A

ileocaecal junction

40
Q

what is the duodenal-jejunal flexure

A

the junction between duodenum and jejunum

41
Q

mucosa in jejunum

A

highly folded - plicae circularis
wider
thick walled
less fat

42
Q

mucosa in distal ileum

A

smooth
narrow
thin walled
more fatty

43
Q

arterial blood supply of jejunum and ileum

A

superior mesenteric artery via jejunal and ileal arteries

44
Q

venous drainage of jejunum and ileum

A

from jejunal and ileal veins to superior mesenteric vein and hepatic portal vein

45
Q

protein and carbohydrate absorption in small intestine

A

aborbed from small intestine into portal venous system to be taken into liver

46
Q

how do vessels travel in jejunum and ileum

A

within mesentery

47
Q

how is fat absorbed from the GI tractl lumen

A

bile helps absorption into intestinal cells

48
Q

where are fats absorbed from intestinal cells

A

absorbed into specialised lymphatic vessels of small intestine - lacteals

49
Q

course of lacteals

A

travel via lymphatic system to drain into venous system at left venous angle

50
Q

where are lymph vessels located in the abdomen

A

lie alongside arteries

51
Q

main groups of lymph nodes draining abdominal organs

A

celiac - foregut organs
superior mesenteric - midgut organs
inferior mesenteric - hingut organs
lumbar - kidneys, posterior abdo wall, pelvis and lower limbs

52
Q

where do superficial lymph vessels drain into

A

deep lymph vessels dependent on where they originate from;
thoracic duct or right lymphathtic duct

and then into venous system

53
Q

venous angles

A

junction between subclavian and internal jugular veins

54
Q

what drains into left venous angle

A

thoracic duct

55
Q

what drains into right venous angle

A

right lymphatic duct drainage

Gastrointestinal (71 decks)

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