Faecal Continence Flashcards
requirements for control of excretion of faeces
a holding area
normal visceral afferent nerve fibres
functioning muscle sphincters
normal cerebral function
describe the holding area for control of excretion of faeces
the rectum;
stores faeces until appropriate to defecate
describe the normal visceral afferent nerve fibres for control of excretion of faeces
senses fullness of the rectum
describe the functioning muscle sphincters for control of excretion of faeces
respond to fullness of the rectum;
appropriately contract, preventing defecation
relax, allowing defecation
describe normal cerebral function for control of excretion of faeces
controls appropriate time t defecate
what can affect normal excretion of faeces
neurological pathology
medications
degeneration of nerve innervation of muscle (age-related)
consistency of stool (diarrhoea)
neurological pathology affecting normal excretion of faeces
dementia
stroke
MS
trauma (spina cord injury)
where is pelvic cavity located
within boy pelvis
continuous with abdominal cavity
between pelvic inlet and pelvic floor
what does pelvic cavity contain
pelvic organs and supporting tissues
rectum
what do openings in the pelvic floor permit
permits distal parts of alimentary, renal and reproductive tracts to pass from pelvic cavity into perineum
where does sigmoid colon become rectum
anterior to S3;
rectosigmoid junction
where does rectum become anal canal
anterior to tip of coccyx prior to passing through pelvic floor
where is anus located
distal end of anal canal
in the perineum
describe the anus
the orifice through which faeces pass
where is rectum located
in the pelvic
where is anal canal located
in the perineum
where does rectal ampulla lie
immediately superior to elevator ani muscle
role of the rectum
walls can relax - accommodating faecal material
functioning muscles and muscle sphincters required to hold faeces in ampulla until appropriate to defecate
what part of the rectum does the peritoneum cover
superior rectum
pouches of peritoneum
rectouterine (pouch of Douglas)
rectovesical
anatomical relationship between pouches of peritoneum and rectum
pouches lie anterior to superior rectum
anatomical relationship between prostate gland and rectum
prostate gland anterior to inferior rectum
anatomical relationship between vagina and cervix and rectum
vagina and cervix anterior to inferior/middle rectum
proper name for pelvic floor muscles
lavator ani msucles
what do pelvic floor muscles form
forms most of pelvic diaphragm - floor of pelvis and roof of perineum
together with fascial coverings
what is the pelvic floor made up of
a number of small skeletal muscles;
iliococcygeus
pubococcygeus
puborectalis
function of pelvic floor
provides continual support for pelvic organs - tonically contracted most of time
further contraction of pelvic floor
increases during an increase in intra-abdominal pressure (e.g. coughing, sneezing)
relaxation of pelvic floor
allows defecation and urination
nerve supply of pelvic floor
the nerve to levator ani
pudendal