Anatomy of Jaundice Flashcards
what is bilirubin
normal by-product of the breakdown of red blood cells
used to form bile
where does breakdown of red blood cells occur
spleen
also occurs in the liver
where is bile formed
liver (converts bilirubin to bile)
what is the biliary tree
set of tubes transporting bile from liver to 2nd part of duodenum
function of gallbladder
stores and concentrates bile
function of bile
important for normal absorption of fats from small intestine
what is jaundice
over production of bilirubin
contents of portal triad
hepatic artery
hepatic portal vein
common bile duct
(blood supply to, and drainage to, the liver)
what is the celiac trunk
first of the 3 midline branches of the abdominal aorta
retroperitoneal
where does the celiac trunk arise
T12
what does the celiac trunk supply
organs of foregut
trifurcation of celiac trunk
splenic artery
hepatic artery
left gastric artery
branches of trifurcations of celiac trunk
gastroduodenal
superior pancreatico-duodenal
course of splenic artery
tortuous course;
superior border of pancreas
describe the spleen and its location
intraperitoneal organ within left hypochondrium
anatomical relations of the spleen
diaphragm posterior
stomach anterior
splenic flexure inferiorly
left kidney medially
how is the spleen protected
by ribs 9-11
arterial supply of the stomach
right and left gastric arteries
right and left gastro-ometal arteries
course of right and left gastric arteries
run along the lesser curvature
anastomose together
course of right and left gastro-ometal arteries
run along the greater curvature
anastomose together
blood supply to the liver
hepatic artery - branches into right and left hepatic arteries
hepatic portal vein
location of liver
mainly in upper right quadrant
anatomical relations of liver
diaphragm superior, anterior and posterior
anterior aspect of stomach medial
gallbladder posterior and inferior
hepatic flexure inferior
right kidney, right adrenal, IVC and abdormnal aorta posterior
how is liver protected
ribs 7-11
anatomical segments of the liver
4 in total; right lobe left lobe caudate lobe quadrate lobe
functional segments of the liver
8
I - VIII
blood supply of functional segments of the liver
each functional segment has its own blood supply;
hepatic artery
hepatic portal vein
venous drainage
bile drainage
venous drainage from the liver
via 3 main hepatic veins into the IVC
describe the IVC and hepatic veins
lack valves
hepatomegaly
a rise in central venous pressure is directly transmitted to the liver
it enlarges as it engorges with blood
areas of the peritoneal cavity related to the liver
hepatorenal recess (Morison's pouch) sub-phrenic recess
both within greater sac
what is peritonitis
can result in a collection of pus in the recesses leading to an abscess formation
describe the hepatorenal recess
one of the lowest parts of the peritoneal cavity when the patient is supine
venous drainage of the liver - hepatic portal vein
drains blood from foregut, midgut and hindgut to the liver for first pass metabolism
venous drainage of the liver - splenic vein
drains blood from foregut to hepatic portal vein
venous drainage of the liver - inferior mesenteric vein
drains blood from hindgut to splenic vein
venous drainage of the liver - superior mesenteric vein
drains the blood from the midgut to the hepatic portal vein
venous drainage of the liver - inferior vena cava
retroperitoneal
drains the cleaned blood from the hepatic veins into the right atrium
coronary ligament
attaches liver to diaphragm
falciform ligament
attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall
ligament teres/round ligament
remnant of the embryological umbilical vein
location of gallbladder
lies on the posterior aspect of the liver
anterior to duodenum
neck of gallbladder
neck narrows to become cystic duct
potential site for gallstone impaction
function of cystic duct
bile flows in and out the gallbladder via the cystic duct
blood supply of gallbladder
cystic artery - branch of right hepatic artery (75% of people)
what type of organ is the gallbladder
foregut
where does pain of the gallbladder present
epigastric region
also the hypochondrium
with or without pain referral to right shoulder - result of anterior diaphragmatic irritation
where do visceral afferents of gallbladder enter spinal cord
T6-T9
