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Gastrointestinal > Abdominal Pain > Flashcards

Abdominal Pain Flashcards

1
Q

organs of foregut

A 
oesophagus to mid-duodenum 
liver
gallbladder
spleen
half of pancreas
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2
Q

organs of midgut

A

mid-duodenum to proximal 2/3rd of transverse colon

half of pancreas

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3
Q

organs of hindgut

A

distal 1/3 of transverse colon to proximal half of anal canal

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4
Q

arterial supply of abdominal organs

A

common artery

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5
Q

venous supply of abdominal organs

A

common vein

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6
Q

lymphatic drainage of abdominal organs

A

via shared route

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7
Q

nerve supply of abdominal organs

A 
(includes the visceral peritoneum)
visceral afferents 
ANS - influences ENS;
parasympathetic 
sympathetic
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8
Q

regions of abdominal cavity

A

9 intotal

divided along mid-clavicular, subcostal and trans-tubercular planes

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9
Q

name the 9 regions of abdominal cavity

A 
right/left hypochondrium
epigastric
right/left lumbar 
umbilical 
right/left inguinal 
pubic
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10
Q

quadrants of abdominal cavity

A

4 in total

divided along median and trans-umbilical planes

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11
Q

name the 4 quadrants of abdominal cavity

A

right/left upper quadrant

right/left lower quadrant

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12
Q

describe the membrane of peritoneal cavity

A

peritoneum - thin, transparent, semi-permeable, serous membrane
sensitive
secretes lubricating fluid

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13
Q

what does the peritoneum line

A

continuous layer of membrane lining the walls of abdominopelvic cavity and organs - creating peritoneal cavity between visceral and parietal layers

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14
Q

intraperitoneal organs

A

organs covered in visceral peritoneum

minimally mobile

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15
Q

retroperitoneal organs

A

organs have visceral peritoneum on its anterior surface

located in retoperitoneum

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16
Q

organs with a mesentery

A

organs covered in visceral periotneum
visceral peritoneum wraps behind the organ to form a double layer - the mesentery
mesentery suspends the organ from the posterior abdominal wall - very mobile

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17
Q

example of an intraperitoneal organ

A

liver

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18
Q

example of retroperitoneal organs

A

pancreas

kidneys

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19
Q

examples of organs with a mesentery

A

parts of intestines

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20
Q

condensations of peritoneum

A

double layers
attaches organs to each other or to the abdominal wall
secondary to growth and rotation of GI tract during embryology

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21
Q

examples of condensations of periotneum

A

falciform ligament
greater omenetum
lesser omentum

22
Q

describe the omenta

A

divides the peritoneal cavity into greater sac and lesser sac

23
Q

communication between greater and lesser omenta

A

via the omental foramen

24
Q

where does the portal triad lie

A

in the free edge of the lesser omentum

25
pouches of peritoneum
at its inferior aspect, the peritoneum drapes over the superior aspect of the pelvic organs - forming pouches (part of the greater sac)
26
what is ascites
when excess fluid collects within the peritoneal cavity (pathological)
27
how is ascites treated
drained via paracentesis
28
describe process of paracentesis
needle placed lateral to rectus sheath - avoiding the inferior epigastric artery
29
where does the inferior epigastric artery arise
from the external iliac artery
30
nerve supply of the abdominal body wall
(includes the parietal periotenum) somatic sensory nerves somatic motor nerves sympahtetic nerve fibres
31
where do the sympathetic nerve fibres leave the spinal cord to get to the abdominal organs
T5 and L2 to enter the sympathetic chains (bilaterally) | do not synapse
32
where do the sympathetic nerve fibres leave the sympathetic chains to get to the abdominal organs
leave within abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
33
where do the sympathetic nerve fibres synapse to get to the abdominal organs
at the prevertebral ganglia
34
where are the prevertebral ganglia located
anterior to the aorta at the exit points of the major branches of the abdominal aorta
35
describe the course of the postsynaptic sympathetic nerve fibres
pass from the prevertebral ganglia onto the surface of the arterial branches leaving the abdominal aorta
36
what is meant by periarterial plexuses
nerve fibres (including the postsynaptic sympathetic nerve fibres) hitch a ride with the arteries and their branches towards (or away) the smooth muscle and glands of the organs
37
course of sympathetic nerves to abdominal organs - adrenal gland
leave spinal cord at T10-L1 and enter abdominoplevic splanchnic nerves - do not synapse carried with periarterial plexuses to adrenal gland - synapse directly into cells
38
course of parasympathetic nerves to abdominal organs - vagus nerve
presynaptic parasympathetic nerve fibres enter abdominal cavity on surface of oesophagus travel into periarterial plexuses around abdominal aorta carried to walls of organs - synapse in ganglia
39
what do presynaptic nerve fibres supply
supply parasympathetic nerve fibres to the GI tract and abdominal organs up to distal end of transverse colon
40
course of parasympathetic nerves to abdominal organs - pelvic splanchnic nerves
presynaptic nerve fibres supply the smooth muscle/glands of the descending colon to anal canal
41
where is pain the foregut felt
epigastric region
42
where is pain the midgut felt
umbilical region
43
where is pain the hindgut felt
pubic region
44
course of visceral afferents from abdominal organs to CNS
pain fibres from vast majority of abdominal organs run alongside sympathetic fibres back to spinal cord
45
where do pain fibres from foregut structures enter the spinal cord
T6-T9
46
where do pain fibres from midgut structures enter the spinal cord
T8-T12
47
where do pain fibres from hindgut structures enter the spinal cord
T10-L2
48
what is meant by referred pain
pain from abdominal organs perceived in the dermatomes of the levels at which they enter the spinal cord
49
nerves supplying the body wall
somatic motor somatic sensory sympathetic nerve fibres
50
where are body wall nerves conveyed within
``` the thoracoabdominal nerves subcostal nerves (T12) iliohypogastric nerve (L1) ilioinguinal nerve (L1) ```
51
course of the thoracoabdominal nerves
7-11th intercostal nerves Travel anteriorly, leave the intercostal spaces, travel in the plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis, as thoracoabdominal nerves

Gastrointestinal (71 decks)

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