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Gastrointestinal > Abdominal Pain > Flashcards

Abdominal Pain Flashcards

1
Q

organs of foregut

A 
oesophagus to mid-duodenum 
liver
gallbladder
spleen
half of pancreas
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2
Q

organs of midgut

A

mid-duodenum to proximal 2/3rd of transverse colon

half of pancreas

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3
Q

organs of hindgut

A

distal 1/3 of transverse colon to proximal half of anal canal

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4
Q

arterial supply of abdominal organs

A

common artery

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5
Q

venous supply of abdominal organs

A

common vein

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6
Q

lymphatic drainage of abdominal organs

A

via shared route

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7
Q

nerve supply of abdominal organs

A 
(includes the visceral peritoneum)
visceral afferents 
ANS - influences ENS;
parasympathetic 
sympathetic
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8
Q

regions of abdominal cavity

A

9 intotal

divided along mid-clavicular, subcostal and trans-tubercular planes

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9
Q

name the 9 regions of abdominal cavity

A 
right/left hypochondrium
epigastric
right/left lumbar 
umbilical 
right/left inguinal 
pubic
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10
Q

quadrants of abdominal cavity

A

4 in total

divided along median and trans-umbilical planes

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11
Q

name the 4 quadrants of abdominal cavity

A

right/left upper quadrant

right/left lower quadrant

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12
Q

describe the membrane of peritoneal cavity

A

peritoneum - thin, transparent, semi-permeable, serous membrane
sensitive
secretes lubricating fluid

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13
Q

what does the peritoneum line

A

continuous layer of membrane lining the walls of abdominopelvic cavity and organs - creating peritoneal cavity between visceral and parietal layers

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14
Q

intraperitoneal organs

A

organs covered in visceral peritoneum

minimally mobile

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15
Q

retroperitoneal organs

A

organs have visceral peritoneum on its anterior surface

located in retoperitoneum

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16
Q

organs with a mesentery

A

organs covered in visceral periotneum
visceral peritoneum wraps behind the organ to form a double layer - the mesentery
mesentery suspends the organ from the posterior abdominal wall - very mobile

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17
Q

example of an intraperitoneal organ

A

liver

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18
Q

example of retroperitoneal organs

A

pancreas

kidneys

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19
Q

examples of organs with a mesentery

A

parts of intestines

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20
Q

condensations of peritoneum

A

double layers
attaches organs to each other or to the abdominal wall
secondary to growth and rotation of GI tract during embryology

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21
Q

examples of condensations of periotneum

A

falciform ligament
greater omenetum
lesser omentum

22
Q

describe the omenta

A

divides the peritoneal cavity into greater sac and lesser sac

23
Q

communication between greater and lesser omenta

A

via the omental foramen

24
Q

where does the portal triad lie

A

in the free edge of the lesser omentum

25
Q

pouches of peritoneum

A

at its inferior aspect, the peritoneum drapes over the superior aspect of the pelvic organs - forming pouches (part of the greater sac)

26
Q

what is ascites

A

when excess fluid collects within the peritoneal cavity (pathological)

27
Q

how is ascites treated

A

drained via paracentesis

28
Q

describe process of paracentesis

A

needle placed lateral to rectus sheath - avoiding the inferior epigastric artery

29
Q

where does the inferior epigastric artery arise

A

from the external iliac artery

30
Q

nerve supply of the abdominal body wall

A

(includes the parietal periotenum)
somatic sensory nerves
somatic motor nerves
sympahtetic nerve fibres

31
Q

where do the sympathetic nerve fibres leave the spinal cord to get to the abdominal organs

A

T5 and L2 to enter the sympathetic chains (bilaterally)

do not synapse

32
Q

where do the sympathetic nerve fibres leave the sympathetic chains to get to the abdominal organs

A

leave within abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

33
Q

where do the sympathetic nerve fibres synapse to get to the abdominal organs

A

at the prevertebral ganglia

34
Q

where are the prevertebral ganglia located

A

anterior to the aorta at the exit points of the major branches of the abdominal aorta

35
Q

describe the course of the postsynaptic sympathetic nerve fibres

A

pass from the prevertebral ganglia onto the surface of the arterial branches leaving the abdominal aorta

36
Q

what is meant by periarterial plexuses

A

nerve fibres (including the postsynaptic sympathetic nerve fibres) hitch a ride with the arteries and their branches towards (or away) the smooth muscle and glands of the organs

37
Q

course of sympathetic nerves to abdominal organs - adrenal gland

A

leave spinal cord at T10-L1 and enter abdominoplevic splanchnic nerves - do not synapse
carried with periarterial plexuses to adrenal gland - synapse directly into cells

38
Q

course of parasympathetic nerves to abdominal organs - vagus nerve

A

presynaptic parasympathetic nerve fibres enter abdominal cavity on surface of oesophagus
travel into periarterial plexuses around abdominal aorta
carried to walls of organs - synapse in ganglia

39
Q

what do presynaptic nerve fibres supply

A

supply parasympathetic nerve fibres to the GI tract and abdominal organs up to distal end of transverse colon

40
Q

course of parasympathetic nerves to abdominal organs - pelvic splanchnic nerves

A

presynaptic nerve fibres supply the smooth muscle/glands of the descending colon to anal canal

41
Q

where is pain the foregut felt

A

epigastric region

42
Q

where is pain the midgut felt

A

umbilical region

43
Q

where is pain the hindgut felt

A

pubic region

44
Q

course of visceral afferents from abdominal organs to CNS

A

pain fibres from vast majority of abdominal organs run alongside sympathetic fibres back to spinal cord

45
Q

where do pain fibres from foregut structures enter the spinal cord

A

T6-T9

46
Q

where do pain fibres from midgut structures enter the spinal cord

A

T8-T12

47
Q

where do pain fibres from hindgut structures enter the spinal cord

A

T10-L2

48
Q

what is meant by referred pain

A

pain from abdominal organs perceived in the dermatomes of the levels at which they enter the spinal cord

49
Q

nerves supplying the body wall

A

somatic motor
somatic sensory
sympathetic nerve fibres

50
Q

where are body wall nerves conveyed within

A 
the thoracoabdominal nerves
subcostal nerves (T12)
iliohypogastric nerve (L1)
ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
51
Q

course of the thoracoabdominal nerves

A

7-11th intercostal nerves
Travel anteriorly, leave the intercostal spaces, travel in the plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis, as thoracoabdominal nerves

Gastrointestinal (71 decks)

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