RED BLOOD CELL AND BLEEDING DISORDERS II

Question 1

the common theme among the various causes of megaloblastic anemias is an impairment of DNA synthesis that leads to ineffective hematopoiesis and distinctive morphologic changes, including large erythroid precursors and red cells

Answer 1

megaloblastic anemia

Question 2

megaloblastic anemia

neutrophils are also larger than normal and show _________

Answer 2

nuclear hypersigmentation

Question 3

_________ anemia is a specific form of megaloblastic anemia caused by autoimmune gastritis that impairs the production of intrinsic factor which is required for vitamin B12 uptake from the gut

Answer 3

pernicious anemia

Question 4

vitamin b12 is freed from binding proteins in food through the action of pepsin in the stomach and binds to a salivary protein called __________

Answer 4

haptocorrin

Question 5

pernicious anemia type

antibodies are found in both plasma and gastric juice

Answer 5

type I

Question 6

pernicious anemia type

prevent binding of the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 complex and also are present in large portion of vitamin b12 def in patients

Answer 6

type II

Question 7

pernicious anemia type

present in 85-89 percent of patients and recognize both alpha and beta subunits of the gastric proton pump

Answer 7

type III

Question 8

pernicious anemia morphology

the most characteristic alteration is __________ affecting both chief cells and parietal cells

Answer 8

fundic gland atrophy

Question 9

pernicious anemia morphology

toungue may be shiny, glazed, beefy apperance (___________)

Answer 9

atopic glossitis

Question 10

a deficiency of ______ (pteroylmonoglutamic acid) results in megaloblastic anemia having the same pathologic features of vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer 10

folic acid deficiency

Question 11

folic acid antagonists such as _____ inhibit dihydrofolate reductase and lead to a deficiency of FH.

Answer 11

methotrexate

Question 12

iron is transported in plasma by an iron binding protein called ________ which is synthesized in the liver

Answer 12

transferrin

Question 13

iron absorption of the duodenum is regulated by ___ a small circulating peptide that is synthesized and released from the liver in response to increases in intrahepatic iron levels

Answer 13

Hepcidin

Question 14

_______ is the most common cause of iron deficiency

in peripheral blood smears the red cells are small (_______) and pale (_______)

Answer 14

chronic blood loss
microcytic
hypochromic

Question 15

Triad of plummer-vinson syndrome

E,M,A

Answer 15

esophageal webs
microcytic hypochromic anemia
atrophic glossitis

Question 16

three categories of acute chronic inflammation

1.____ such as osteomyelitis, bacterial endocarditis, and lung abscess
2.____ such as rheumatoid arthritis and Inflammatory bowl disease
3.____such as carcinomas of the lung, and breast, and hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 16

chronic microbial infections
chronic immune disorders
neoplasms

Question 17

________ anemia refers to a syndrome of chronic hempatopoietic failure and attendant pancytopenia

Answer 17

aplastic anemia

Question 18

Aplastic Anemia

_____________ is a rare autosommal recessive disorder caused by defects in a multiprotein that is required for DNA repair

inherited defects in ______ are found in 5% to 10% of adult onset aplastic anemia

Answer 18

fanconi anemia
telomerase