ENDOCRINE GLAND: PITUITARY, THYROID, AND PTH

Question 1

PITUITARY GLAND
most common cause of hyperpituitarism is an adenoma arising in the _________

Answer 1

anterior lobe

Question 2

PITUITARY GLAND
typical _________ adenoma are soft and well circumscribed

Answer 2

adenoma

Question 3

PITUITARY GLAND
___________ adenomas are the most common type of hyperfunctioning pituitary adenomas, accounting for about 30% of clinically recognized cases

clinical features
increased serum levels of prolactin, or prolactinemia, cause amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and loss of libido, and infertility

Morphology:
SPARSELY granulated lactotroph adenomas

Answer 3

lactotroph adenoma

Question 4

PITUITARY GLAND

____________ secreting somatotroph adenomas are the second most common type of functioning pituitary adenoma, and cause gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults

Answer 4

somatotroph adenoma
growth hormone secreting somatotroph

Question 5

PITUITARY GLAND
if a somatotroph adenoma appears in children before the epiphyses have closed, the elevated levels of _______ and _________ result in gigantism

Answer 5

growth hormone and IGF-1

Question 6

PITUITARY GLAND

excess production of ACTH by functioning _______ adenomas leads to adrenal hypersecretion of cortisol and the development of hypercortisolism (also known as Cushings diseases)

Answer 6

corticotoph adenoma

Question 7

PITUITARY GLAND
Hypothalamic suprasellar tumors
______________ average 3-4 cm in diameter; they may be encapsulated and solid but more commonly they are cystic and sometimes multioculated

Answer 7

craniopharyngiomas