INFECTIOUS DISEASES (+ AND - BACTERIAL INFECTIONS) Flashcards
_________ causes a myriad of skin lesion (boils, carbuncles, impetigo, and scalded skin syndome) as well as abscesses, sepsis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, endocarditis, food poisoning, and toxic shock syndrome
s. aureus
coagulase negative staphylococci such as ________- characteristically cause opportunistic infections in catheterized patients, patients with prosthetic cardiac valves, and IV drug users
S. epidermidis
__________ produces multiple membrane damaging (hemolytic toxins)
s. aureus
S Aureus toxins
___ toxin is a protein that intercalates into the plasma membrane of host cells, forming pores that allow toxic levels of calcium to leak into cells
alpha toxin
S Aureus toxins
________ is a sphingomyelinase
________ is a detergent like peptide
beta toxin
gamma toxin
S. aureus causes ______ inflammation that is distinctive for its local destruction of host tissue
pyogenic inflammation
Staphylococcal infections morphology:
a ______ or _____ is a focal suppurative inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
furuncle or boil
Staphylococcal infections morphology:
a _______ is a deeper suppurative infection that spreads laterally beneath the deep subcutaneous fascia and then burrows superficially to erupt in multiple adjacent skin sinuses
carbuncle
Staphylococcal infections morphology:
_______ also called ritter disease frequently occurs in children with S. Aureus infection of the nasopharynx or skin
staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
_________ cause suppurative infections of the skin, orophraynx, lungs, and heart valves
streptococci
streptococcal and enterococcal infections
___, ____, and ____ have capsules that resist phagocytosis
P, A, P
s. pyogenes
s agalactiae
s. pneumoniae
streptococcal and enterococcal infections
________ produces caries by metabolizing sucrose to lactic acid ( which causes demineralization of tooth enamel) and by secreting high molecular weight glucans that promote aggregation of bacteria and plaque formation
s. mutans
streptococcal and enterococcal infections morphology
___________ is caused by exotoxins from superficial infection with s. pyogenes
it is characterized by rapidly spreading erythematous cutaneous swelling that may begin on the face or less frequently on the body or an extremity
erysipelas
streptococcal and enterococcal infections
MAJOR antecedent of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
streptococcal pharyngitis
streptococcal and enterococcal infections
________ associated with pharyngitis caused by S. pyogenes and most between 3 and 15 years of age
scarlet fever
_________ is caused by cornybacterium diptheriae a slender gram positive rod with clubbed ends that spreads from person to person in respiratory droplets or skin exudate
diptheria
_______is gram positive bacillus that causes gastroenteritis in most individuals who ingest it in sufficient quality and severe food borne infections in vulnerable hosts
listeria monocytogenes
Listeriosis
l. monocytogenes causes ________ in pregnant woman, that may result to abortion, still birth or neonatal sepsis
amnionitis
__________ is characterized by necrotizing inflammatory lesions in the skin or gastrointestinal tract or systematically
anthra
3 MAJOR FORMS OF ANTHRAX
C, I, G
cutaneous anthrax
inhalation anthrax
gastrointestinal antrax
3 MAJOR FORMS OF ANTHRAX
_______- which makes up 95% of naturally occuring infections begins as a painless, pruritic papule that develops into a vesicle within 2 days
cutaneous anthrax
3 MAJOR FORMS OF ANTHRAX
__________ occurs when airborne spores are inhaled
inhalation anthrax
3 MAJOR FORMS OF ANTHRAX
________ usually contracted by eating undercooked meat contaminated by B. Anthracis
gastrointestinal anthrax
__________ are aerobic gram + bacteria found in soul that cause opportunistic infections
causes respiratory infections most often in patients with defects in immunity due to prolonged steroid use, HIV infection, or diabetes
nocardial infection
__________- is a significant cause of bacterial meningitis, particularly among adolescents and young adults
n. meningitidis
neisserial infections
________ is an important cause of sexually transmitted infection
n. gonorrhea
neisserial infections
_________ resistant N. gonorrhoeae is rare but has been detected in Canada and Japan
ceftriaxone resistant
neisseria spp use antigenic variation as a strategy to escape the immune response
such mechanisms involve both pili and OPA proteins:
____________
____________
recombination genes encoding pili proteins
expression of different OPA proteins
_____________ or whooping cough caused by the gram - coccobacillus Bordatella pertussis is an acute, highly communicable illness characterized by paroxysms of violent coughing followed by a loud respiratory WHOOP as the patients gasp for air
pertussis
Pertussis
B. pertussis colonizes the _______ of the bronchial epithelium and also invades macrophages
brush border of bronchial epithelium
___________- is an opportunistic aerobic gram negative bacillus that is frequent, deadly pathogen in people with cystic fibrosis, severe burns, or neutropenia
pseudomonas aeruginosa
pseudomonas cause _________ that is distributed through the terminal airways in a fleur de lis pattern with striking pale necrotic centers and red hemorrhagic, peripheral areas
necrotizing pneumonia
___________ is a gram negative bacteria facultative intracellular bacterium that cause an invasive frequently fatal infection called plague
plague
Plague
_________ the infected flee bite is usually on the legs where it forms a small pustule or ulcer
bubonic plague
________ is an acute, ulcerative STI caused by haemophilus ducreyi
chancroid
____________ is a chronic inflammatory STI caused by Klebsiella granulomatis formerly called Calymmatobacterium Donovani, a minute, encapsulated coccobacillus
granuloma inguinale
