INFECTIOUS DISEASES (+ AND - BACTERIAL INFECTIONS)

Question 1

_________ causes a myriad of skin lesion (boils, carbuncles, impetigo, and scalded skin syndome) as well as abscesses, sepsis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, endocarditis, food poisoning, and toxic shock syndrome

Answer 1

s. aureus

Question 2

coagulase negative staphylococci such as ________- characteristically cause opportunistic infections in catheterized patients, patients with prosthetic cardiac valves, and IV drug users

Answer 2

S. epidermidis

Question 3

__________ produces multiple membrane damaging (hemolytic toxins)

Answer 3

s. aureus

Question 4

S Aureus toxins

___ toxin is a protein that intercalates into the plasma membrane of host cells, forming pores that allow toxic levels of calcium to leak into cells

Answer 4

alpha toxin

Question 5

S Aureus toxins

________ is a sphingomyelinase
________ is a detergent like peptide

Answer 5

beta toxin
gamma toxin

Question 6

S. aureus causes ______ inflammation that is distinctive for its local destruction of host tissue

Answer 6

pyogenic inflammation

Question 7

Staphylococcal infections morphology:

a ______ or _____ is a focal suppurative inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

Answer 7

furuncle or boil

Question 8

Staphylococcal infections morphology:

a _______ is a deeper suppurative infection that spreads laterally beneath the deep subcutaneous fascia and then burrows superficially to erupt in multiple adjacent skin sinuses

Answer 8

carbuncle

Question 9

Staphylococcal infections morphology:

_______ also called ritter disease frequently occurs in children with S. Aureus infection of the nasopharynx or skin

Answer 9

staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Question 10

_________ cause suppurative infections of the skin, orophraynx, lungs, and heart valves

Answer 10

streptococci

Question 11

streptococcal and enterococcal infections
___, ____, and ____ have capsules that resist phagocytosis

P, A, P

Answer 11

s. pyogenes
s agalactiae
s. pneumoniae

Question 12

streptococcal and enterococcal infections

________ produces caries by metabolizing sucrose to lactic acid ( which causes demineralization of tooth enamel) and by secreting high molecular weight glucans that promote aggregation of bacteria and plaque formation

Answer 12

s. mutans

Question 13

streptococcal and enterococcal infections morphology

___________ is caused by exotoxins from superficial infection with s. pyogenes

it is characterized by rapidly spreading erythematous cutaneous swelling that may begin on the face or less frequently on the body or an extremity

Answer 13

erysipelas

Question 14

streptococcal and enterococcal infections

MAJOR antecedent of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Answer 14

streptococcal pharyngitis

Question 15

streptococcal and enterococcal infections

________ associated with pharyngitis caused by S. pyogenes and most between 3 and 15 years of age

Answer 15

scarlet fever

Question 16

_________ is caused by cornybacterium diptheriae a slender gram positive rod with clubbed ends that spreads from person to person in respiratory droplets or skin exudate

Answer 16

diptheria

Question 17

_______is gram positive bacillus that causes gastroenteritis in most individuals who ingest it in sufficient quality and severe food borne infections in vulnerable hosts

Answer 17

listeria monocytogenes

Question 18

Listeriosis

l. monocytogenes causes ________ in pregnant woman, that may result to abortion, still birth or neonatal sepsis

Answer 18

amnionitis

Question 19

__________ is characterized by necrotizing inflammatory lesions in the skin or gastrointestinal tract or systematically

Answer 19

anthra

Question 20

3 MAJOR FORMS OF ANTHRAX

C, I, G

Answer 20

cutaneous anthrax
inhalation anthrax
gastrointestinal antrax

Question 21

3 MAJOR FORMS OF ANTHRAX

_______- which makes up 95% of naturally occuring infections begins as a painless, pruritic papule that develops into a vesicle within 2 days

Answer 21

cutaneous anthrax

Question 22

3 MAJOR FORMS OF ANTHRAX

__________ occurs when airborne spores are inhaled

Answer 22

inhalation anthrax

Question 23

3 MAJOR FORMS OF ANTHRAX

________ usually contracted by eating undercooked meat contaminated by B. Anthracis

Answer 23

gastrointestinal anthrax

Question 24

__________ are aerobic gram + bacteria found in soul that cause opportunistic infections

causes respiratory infections most often in patients with defects in immunity due to prolonged steroid use, HIV infection, or diabetes

Answer 24

nocardial infection

Question 25

__________- is a significant cause of bacterial meningitis, particularly among adolescents and young adults

Answer 25

n. meningitidis

Question 26

neisserial infections

________ is an important cause of sexually transmitted infection

Answer 26

n. gonorrhea

Question 27

neisserial infections

_________ resistant N. gonorrhoeae is rare but has been detected in Canada and Japan

Answer 27

ceftriaxone resistant

Question 28

neisseria spp use antigenic variation as a strategy to escape the immune response

such mechanisms involve both pili and OPA proteins:
____________
____________

Answer 28

recombination genes encoding pili proteins
expression of different OPA proteins

Question 29

_____________ or whooping cough caused by the gram - coccobacillus Bordatella pertussis is an acute, highly communicable illness characterized by paroxysms of violent coughing followed by a loud respiratory WHOOP as the patients gasp for air

Answer 29

pertussis

Question 30

Pertussis
B. pertussis colonizes the _______ of the bronchial epithelium and also invades macrophages

Answer 30

brush border of bronchial epithelium

Question 31

___________- is an opportunistic aerobic gram negative bacillus that is frequent, deadly pathogen in people with cystic fibrosis, severe burns, or neutropenia

Answer 31

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 32

pseudomonas cause _________ that is distributed through the terminal airways in a fleur de lis pattern with striking pale necrotic centers and red hemorrhagic, peripheral areas

Answer 32

necrotizing pneumonia

Question 33

___________ is a gram negative bacteria facultative intracellular bacterium that cause an invasive frequently fatal infection called plague

Answer 33

plague

Question 34

Plague

_________ the infected flee bite is usually on the legs where it forms a small pustule or ulcer

Answer 34

bubonic plague

Question 35

________ is an acute, ulcerative STI caused by haemophilus ducreyi

Answer 35

chancroid

Question 36

____________ is a chronic inflammatory STI caused by Klebsiella granulomatis formerly called Calymmatobacterium Donovani, a minute, encapsulated coccobacillus

Answer 36

granuloma inguinale