INFECTIOUS DISEASES (MYCOBACTERIA + SPIROCHETE + OBLIGATE)

Question 1

The steps of M. Tuberculosis
7 steps

Answer 1

1. entry into macrophage
2. replication in macrophage
3. innate immunity
4. Th1 response
5. Th1 mediated macrophage activation and killing of bacteria
6. granulomatous inflammation and tissue damage
7. host susceptibility of the disease

Question 2

Tuberculosis

immunity to M tuberculosis is primarily mediated by ______ cells which stimulate macrophages to the bacteria, This immune response although largely effective comes at the cost of accompanying tissue destruction

Answer 2

Th1 cells

Question 3

___________ is the form of disease that develops in a previously unexposed and therefore unsensitized person

Answer 3

primary tuberculosis

Question 4

tuberculosis morphology

________ may ensue in older adults and immunosuppressed people

Answer 4

progressive tuberculosis

Question 5

tuberculosis morphology

____________ occurs when organisms draining through lymphatic enter the venous blood and circulate back to the lung

Answer 5

miliary pulmonary disease

Question 6

tuberculosis morphology

when vertebrae are infected the disease is referred to as _______-

Answer 6

pott disease

Question 7

of the 150 nontuberculous mycobacterial infections the most frequent are

A
A
K

Answer 7

mycobacterium avium
m. anscessus
m kansasii

Question 8

______ or hansen diseas is a slowly progressive infection caused by M leprae that mainly affects the skin and peripheral nerves

Answer 8

leprosy

Question 9

STAGES OF SYPHILIS

stage occuring app 3 weeks after infection, features a single firm, nontender, raised red lesion (chancre) located at the site of treponemal invasion on the penis, vaginal wall or anys

Answer 9

primary syphilis

Question 10

STAGES OF SYPHILIS

stage marked by painless superficial lesions of the skin and mucosal surfaces

Answer 10

secondary syphilis

Question 11

STAGES OF SYPHILIS

3 main manifestations: cardiovascular syphilis, neurosyphilis, and so called benign tertiary syphilis

Answer 11

tertiary syphilis

Question 12

__________ is a common arthropod borne illness caused by spirochetes in the genus borrelia that can be localized or disseminated with a tendency to cause a persistent chronic arthritis

Answer 12

lyme disease

Question 13

clostridial infections

________, ________– and other species cause cellulitis and myonecrosis of traumatic and surgical wounds, uterine myonecrosis, mild food poisoning

Answer 13

c perfringens
c septicum

Question 14

clostridial infections

cause of tetanus proliferates in punctured wounds and in umbilical stump of newborn infants and releases a potent neurotoxin that causes increased muscle tone and general spasms of skeletal muscles

Answer 14

c tetani

Question 15

clostridial infections

cause of botulism, grows in inadequately cooked foods and releases a potent neurotoxin that blocks synaptic release of ACTH and causes flaccid paralysis of resp, and skeletal muscles

Answer 15

c. botulinum