NEOPLASIA

Question 1

____________ are mutated genes that cause excessive cell growth, even in the absence of growth factors and other growth-promoting external cues

Answer 1

oncogenes

Question 2

_________ are constitutively activated in tumors by multiple rearrangements and gene amplifications

Answer 2

receptor tyrosine kinase

Question 3

Growth factor receptors

______ encodes EGFR. several ERRBB1 point mutations found in a subset of lung adenocarcinomas produce constitutive activation of the EGFR

Answer 3

ERBB1

Question 4

Growth factor receptors

______ encodes a different member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, HER2. _______ gene is amplified in certain breast carcinomas, leading to overexpression of the HER2 receptor and a constitutive tyrosine kinase activity

Answer 4

ERBB2

Question 5

Downstream components of the receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathway

Point mutations of _______ constitute the most common type of abnormality involving proto-oncogenes in human tumors

Answer 5

Point mutations of RAS family genes

Question 6

Downstream components of the receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathway

GAP encoded by the NF1 gene are associated with inherited cancer syndrome _______________

Answer 6

familial neurofibromatosis type 1

Question 7

The ________ and ________ cascades both lie downstream of RAS and consist of a series of kinases many of which are mutated in cancer cells

Answer 7

MAPK and P13/AKT

Question 8

Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinases

in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and a subset of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the ________ gene is translocated from its normal abode on chromosome 9-chromosme 22

Answer 8

ABL gene

Question 9

Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinases

the remarkable therapeutic response of CML to BCR-ABL inhibitors is one of the first and best examples of _________ in which tumor cells are highly dependedent on the activity of one oncoprotein

Answer 9

oncogene addiction

Question 10

________ has remarkably broad activities several of which contributes not only to deregulated cell growth but also to several other hallmark of cancer

Answer 10

MYC

Question 11

_______: Guardian of the genome. TP53 a tumor suppressor gene that regulate the cell cycle progression

Answer 11

TP53

Question 12

TP53 mutation

individuals with these inherited mutations said to have the __________- have a 25 fold greater chance of developing a malignant tumor by age 50 than the general population

Answer 12

Li-Fraumeni Syndrome