NEOPLASIA PART 2

Question 1

EVASION OF CELL DEATH

intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and major mechanisms used by tumor cells to evade cell death

result from upregulation of anti-apoptotic factors that stabilize the mitochondrial membrane such as ____, _____, and ______

Answer 1

BCL-2
BCL-XL
MCL-1

Question 2

EVASION OF CELL DEATH

group of proteins called __________ block the action of caspase 9

Answer 2

Inhibitor of Apoptosis proteins

Question 3

EVASION OF CELL DEATH

In greater than 85% of follicular B cell lymphomas the anti-apoptotic gene ___ is overexpressed due to a (14;18) translocation

Answer 3

BCL2

Question 4

LIMITLESS REPLICATIVE POTENTIAL:
THE STEM CELL LIKE PROPERTIES OF CANCER CELLS

intrinsic CML can arise from _________
extrinsic Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia from ________

Answer 4

BCR-ABL t(9;22)
PML-RARA t(15;17)

Question 5

ANGIOGENESIS

If a solid tumor possesses all the genetic aberrations that are required for malignant transformation, it cannot enlarge beyond 1-2mm in diameter unless it has the capacity to induce __________

Answer 5

angiogenesis

Question 6

ANGIOGENESIS

Many other factors regulate angiogenesis; for example, _____ induces synthesis for the angiogenesis inhibitor thrombospondin-I, while _____,_____, and ______ signalling all upregulate VEGF expression and stimulate angiogenesis

Answer 6

TP53
RAS, MYC, and MAPK

Question 7

______ and _______ are the major causes of cancer related morbidity and mortality and hence are the subjects require intense investigation

Answer 7

invasion and metastasis

Question 8

INVASION AND METASTASIS

Invasion of Extracellular Matrix
________ function is lost due to pathogenic mutations and in many other epithelial cancer. It is hypothesized that _______ expression is silenced at least transiently through a process called epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)

Answer 8

E-cadherin

Question 9

EVASION OF IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE
Tumors Antigens

______ express various types of molecules that may be recognized by immune system as foreign antigens

Answer 9

malignant tumors

Question 10

EVASION OF IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE
the principal immune mechanism of tumor eradication is killing tumor cells by ______ specific for tumor antigens

Answer 10

CTL

Question 11

EVASION OF IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE

Anti tumor activity is mediated by predominantly cell mediated mechanism. Tumor antigens are presented on the cell surface by ________ molecules and are recognized by _______ CTLs

Answer 11

MHC Class I
CD8 CTLs