PANCREAS II ENDOCRINE

Question 1

DIABETES MELLITUS

_________ is a group of metabolic disorders; sharing the common feature of hyperglycemia, caused by defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or, most commonly both

Answer 1

diabetes mellitus

Question 2

DIABETES MELLITUS

___________ is an autoimmune disease characterized by pancreatic B-cell destruction and an absolute deficiency of insulin

___________ is caused by a combination of peripheral resistance to insulin action and a secretory response by pancreatic B cells that is inadequate to overcome insulin resistance

Answer 2

Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes

Question 3

TYPE I DIABETES MELLITUS

Genetics:
Major linkage to ______ GENES; also linked to plymorphisms in CTLA-4 and PTPN 22, and insulin gene VNTRs

Answer 3

MHC CLASS II

Question 4

TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS

No ____ linkage; linakege to candidate diabetogenic and obesity-related genes

Answer 4

HLA

Question 5

GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS

__________ tightly regulated by three interalated process; glucose production in the liver; glucose uptake and utilization by peripheral tissues, chiefly skeletal muscle; and actions of insulin and counter-regulatory hormones, including gulcagon, on glucose uptake

Answer 5

glucose homeostasis

Question 6

INSULIN ACTION:
ADIPOSE TISSUE
___Glucose uptake
___Lipogenesis
___Lipolysis

STRIATED MUSCLE:
___Glucose uptake
___Glycogen synthesis
___Protein synthesis

LIVER:
___Gluconeogenesis
___Glycogen synthesis
___Lipogenesis

Answer 6

INSULIN ACTION:
ADIPOSE TISSUE
increase Glucose uptake
increase Lipogenesis
decrease Lipolysis

STRIATED MUSCLE:
increase Glucose uptake
increase Glycogen synthesis
increase Protein synthesis

LIVER:
decrease Gluconeogenesis
increase Glycogen synthesis
increase Lipogenesis

Question 7

PATHOGENESIS OF TYPE 1 DIABETES

_______ is an autoimmune disease in which islet destruction is caused primarily by immune effector cells reacting against endogenous beta cell antigens

Answer 7

T1D

Question 8

THREE STAGE OF TYPE I DIABETES

stage 1:
stage 2:
stage 3:

Answer 8

STAGE I: b-cell autoimmunity, normoglycemia, presymptomatic

STAGE II: b-cell autoimmunity, dysglycemia, presymptomatic

STAGE III: B- cell autoimmunity, dysglycemia, symptomatic