Recognize Basic Atomic Structure Flashcards
What is the Fundamental Constituent of Matter that retains the properties of an Element?
The Atom
What is the smallest Unit that has a unique identity?
The Atom
How many Elements are in the Periodic Table?
118
The Periodic Table starts with ___, which has 1 Proton, and increasing Proton numbers from each element
Hydrogen
Although Atoms have distinct properties, all are composed of the same 3 Subatomic Particles:
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
Atoms undergo Chemical Reactions by:
Gaining or losing electrons to achieve stability
An Atom’s properties can be inferred by:
Its position on the periodic table, which relates to the number of valence electrons on its outermost shell
Atoms can ___, ___, or ___ Electrons to make a variety of Chemical Bonds of varying strengths and properties
Lose, Gain, Share
All atoms have a similar structure of a central ___ containing positively charged ___ and neutral ___
Nucleus, Protons, Neutrons
Surrounding the Nucleus are negatively charged ___
Electrons
Electrons exist in an ___ ___ surrounding the Nucleus
Electron Cloud
The negative Electrons are held in orbit by:
Their attraction to positively charged Protons in the nucleus and increase in energy with distance from the nucleus
Each type of Atom will always have the same number of:
Protons
Number of Neutrons in different Atoms of the same element can vary, and these Atoms are called:
Isotopes
The Atomic Mass of an Atom is determined by:
The number of Protons and Neutrons found in the Nucleus
___ are so small that their Mass does not significantly add to the Mass of the Atom
Electrons
How do you find the Atomic Mass?
By adding the Protons and Neutrons
All Carbon Atoms have ___ Protons
6
Subatomic particles have ___ and ___ related to their identity
Masses, Charges
What gives the Atomic Number of an Atom?
Number of Protons
Neutral Atoms have equal numbers of:
Protons and Electrons
Neutrons do not change the charge because:
They are not charged particles
What are Ions?
Atoms with a positive or negative charge
The Periodic Table arranges Atoms by increasing
Atomic Number (Number of Protons)
The Atomic Number is shown as an:
Integer in the Periodic Table
The Atomic Mass is shown as a:
Decimal form to account for the natural abundance of the element’s various Isotopes
The Atomic Mass shown on the Periodic Table is determined by:
The percentage of each Isotope found in nature for that particular Atom
The Periodic Table groups similar Atoms into ___ ___
Vertical columns
Atoms with similar properties have the same number of ___ ___
Valence (bonding) Electrons
There are different numbers of orbitals that can accommodate different Electron numbers depending on:
The number of the Period
The “s” Orbital can accommodate a maximum of ___ Electrons at a time
Two
What Orbital is closest to the Nucleus?
S Orbital
___ and ___ only have an S Orbital that can hold a total of 2 Electrons
Hydrogen, Helium
Periods represent large Electron ___ with multiple Orbital ___
Highways, Lanes
What is the outermost shell of an Atom and participate and Chemical Reactions (or bonding)?
Valence Electrons
Atoms are most stable when they have a ___ ___ ___
Full Valence Shell
Atoms are most likely to move toward ___
Stability
Noble Gases like Helium and Neon, have ___ ___ ___ and are quite stable
Full Valence Shells
Inert Gases are:
Stable Atoms like Noble Gases
Gaining Electrons typically happens:
In Atoms with Valence less than 4
All the Elements in Group 15 will gain 3 Electrons and become
Negatively Charged Ions
Negative Charged Ions are called:
Anions
What are Cations?
Electrons donated by Atoms that prefer to lose electrons, becoming Positively charged Ions
What are Ionic Bonds?
Bonds that are formed by transfer of Electrons between Atoms
Ionic Compounds are:
Soluble in Water and Conduct Electricity
What are Covalent Bonds?
Shared Bonds that are typically formed between two p-block elements
