Recognize Basic Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is the Fundamental Constituent of Matter that retains the properties of an Element?

Answer 1

The Atom

Question 2

What is the smallest Unit that has a unique identity?

Answer 2

The Atom

Question 3

How many Elements are in the Periodic Table?

Answer 3

118

Question 4

The Periodic Table starts with ___, which has 1 Proton, and increasing Proton numbers from each element

Answer 4

Hydrogen

Question 5

Although Atoms have distinct properties, all are composed of the same 3 Subatomic Particles:

Answer 5

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Question 6

Atoms undergo Chemical Reactions by:

Answer 6

Gaining or losing electrons to achieve stability

Question 7

An Atom’s properties can be inferred by:

Answer 7

Its position on the periodic table, which relates to the number of valence electrons on its outermost shell

Question 8

Atoms can ___, ___, or ___ Electrons to make a variety of Chemical Bonds of varying strengths and properties

Answer 8

Lose, Gain, Share

Question 9

All atoms have a similar structure of a central ___ containing positively charged ___ and neutral ___

Answer 9

Nucleus, Protons, Neutrons

Question 10

Surrounding the Nucleus are negatively charged ___

Answer 10

Electrons

Question 11

Electrons exist in an ___ ___ surrounding the Nucleus

Answer 11

Electron Cloud

Question 12

The negative Electrons are held in orbit by:

Answer 12

Their attraction to positively charged Protons in the nucleus and increase in energy with distance from the nucleus

Question 13

Each type of Atom will always have the same number of:

Answer 13

Protons

Question 14

Number of Neutrons in different Atoms of the same element can vary, and these Atoms are called:

Answer 14

Isotopes

Question 15

The Atomic Mass of an Atom is determined by:

Answer 15

The number of Protons and Neutrons found in the Nucleus

Question 16

___ are so small that their Mass does not significantly add to the Mass of the Atom

Answer 16

Electrons

Question 17

How do you find the Atomic Mass?

Answer 17

By adding the Protons and Neutrons

Question 18

All Carbon Atoms have ___ Protons

Answer 18

6

Question 19

Subatomic particles have ___ and ___ related to their identity

Answer 19

Masses, Charges

Question 20

What gives the Atomic Number of an Atom?

Answer 20

Number of Protons

Question 21

Neutral Atoms have equal numbers of:

Answer 21

Protons and Electrons

Question 22

Neutrons do not change the charge because:

Answer 22

They are not charged particles

Question 23

What are Ions?

Answer 23

Atoms with a positive or negative charge

Question 24

The Periodic Table arranges Atoms by increasing

Answer 24

Atomic Number (Number of Protons)

Question 25

The Atomic Number is shown as an:

Answer 25

Integer in the Periodic Table

Question 26

The Atomic Mass is shown as a:

Answer 26

Decimal form to account for the natural abundance of the element’s various Isotopes

Question 27

The Atomic Mass shown on the Periodic Table is determined by:

Answer 27

The percentage of each Isotope found in nature for that particular Atom

Question 28

The Periodic Table groups similar Atoms into ___ ___

Answer 28

Vertical columns

Question 29

Atoms with similar properties have the same number of ___ ___

Answer 29

Valence (bonding) Electrons

Question 30

There are different numbers of orbitals that can accommodate different Electron numbers depending on:

Answer 30

The number of the Period

Question 31

The “s” Orbital can accommodate a maximum of ___ Electrons at a time

Answer 31

Two

Question 32

What Orbital is closest to the Nucleus?

Answer 32

S Orbital

Question 33

___ and ___ only have an S Orbital that can hold a total of 2 Electrons

Answer 33

Hydrogen, Helium

Question 34

Periods represent large Electron ___ with multiple Orbital ___

Answer 34

Highways, Lanes

Question 35

What is the outermost shell of an Atom and participate and Chemical Reactions (or bonding)?

Answer 35

Valence Electrons

Question 36

Atoms are most stable when they have a ___ ___ ___

Answer 36

Full Valence Shell

Question 37

Atoms are most likely to move toward ___

Answer 37

Stability

Question 38

Noble Gases like Helium and Neon, have ___ ___ ___ and are quite stable

Answer 38

Full Valence Shells

Question 39

Inert Gases are:

Answer 39

Stable Atoms like Noble Gases

Question 40

Gaining Electrons typically happens:

Answer 40

In Atoms with Valence less than 4

Question 41

All the Elements in Group 15 will gain 3 Electrons and become

Answer 41

Negatively Charged Ions

Question 42

Negative Charged Ions are called:

Answer 42

Anions

Question 43

What are Cations?

Answer 43

Electrons donated by Atoms that prefer to lose electrons, becoming Positively charged Ions

Question 44

What are Ionic Bonds?

Answer 44

Bonds that are formed by transfer of Electrons between Atoms

Question 45

Ionic Compounds are:

Answer 45

Soluble in Water and Conduct Electricity

Question 46

What are Covalent Bonds?

Answer 46

Shared Bonds that are typically formed between two p-block elements