Describe the Anatomy & Physiology of the Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the three functions of the Skeletal System?
Movement, Protection, and Storage of Minerals and Fat
System that is the scaffold against which muscles pull for movement, and it provides protection for delicate organs
Skeletal System
What are functions of the Bone?
They provide support and shape to the human body, they synthesize blood and immune cells, as well as store calcium, phosphate, and lipids
What is Bone?
A dynamic tissue that is made and broken down according to need
What are the 4 major types of Bones?
Long, Short, Flat, and Irregular
What bone has longer lengths than widths and make up most of the bones in the arms and legs?
Long Bones
What are some examples of Long Bones?
Femur, Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Tibia, and Fibula
What is the marrow in the Long Bone? What does it store?
Yellow Marrow, Lipids
What is found at the end of Long Bones? What is its purpose?
Red Bone Marrow, It’s the site of blood cell production
The ends of Long Bones have growth plates, what happens here?
This is where the bone lengthens if it is growing
What bones have the same length and width?
Short Bones
Examples of Short Bones?
Square bones of the wrist and ankle
What Bones are thin and flat and are used to protect vital organs?
Flat Bones
What’s an example of a Flat Bone?
Ribs, they protect the heart and the lungs
These bones contain Red Bone Marrow and produce Blood Cells
Flat Bones
What Bones have other shapes?
Irregular Bones
What are examples of Irregular Bones?
Hip bones and parts of the skull
What are Joints?
Places where bones meet other bones
Are joints moveable or immovable?
Both, depending on the area of the body
Typically, Bones are attached to other Bones through:
Ligaments
What bone is the only Bone in the body not connected to other Bones and is held in place only by muscle?
Hyoid Bone which supports the tongue
The articulating surfaces of Bones are covered in ___ ___
Hyaline Cartilage
What does Hyaline Cartilage do?
Prevents bones from grinding against each other
What do Synovial Joints contain?
Lubricating Synovial fluid
Are Synovial Joints capable of movement?
Yes
Bone is synthesized in tubular structures called ___
Osteons
What are Osteons?
Composed of calcium and phosphate-rich hydroxyapatite embedded in a collagen matrix and are the functional units of compact bone
Osteons are also called ___ ___
Haversian Systems
The osteon includes the matrix that forms in a concentric ring and the osteocytes that are in small cave-like spaces in the matrix, which are called ___
Lacunae
The matrix forms around the ___ ___ that contains blood vessels and nerves
Central Canal
Bone is covered by a fibrous sheath called the ___
Periosteum
The Periosteum contains:
Nerves and Blood Vessels
Just like other cells of the body, bone cells need to be supplied with:
Oxygen and nutrients and need to communicate with other body systems
What are the two main types of Bone Cells?
Multinucleate Osteoclasts and Mononucleate Osteoblasts
What do Osteoblasts do?
Replace cartilage and secrete mineral deposits that form the matrix, the nonliving substance of the bone
Osteoblasts develop into:
Osteocytes
What do Osteocytes do?
Strengthen bone tissue and carry out metabolic functions
Osteoclasts break down ___ ___ of the matrix
Bone Minerals
The building up and breaking down of bone is important for:
Strengthening bones
What is Osteoporosis?
When osteoclasts break down bone faster than osteoblasts deposit minerals, the bones become weakened and brittle
Excessive withdrawal of minerals from bone can cause the bone’s rigidity to be lost and lead to:
Osteoporosis
This disease damages the cartilage that articulates between joints?
Arthritis
Brittle Bone Disease (Osteogenesis Imperfecta) results from:
A genetic defect in the collagen matrix
What happens in Osteogenesis Imperfecta?
The gene that codes for a necessary collagen needed to form the matrix of the bone is missing and causes bone to break easily
The Skeletal Muscles of the Neuromuscular System and the Bones involved in movement must:
Work together in the body
These muscles attach to bones and are connected to and communicate with the Central Nervous System:
Skeletal Muscles
What happens when the muscle receives a signal to contract from the Central Nervous System?
The muscle contractions, moving a bone its connected to
Muscles connect to bones with:
Tendons, which is a connective tissue
Tricep and Bicep Muscles control the movement of the:
Elbow
Biceps and Triceps connect to the:
Arm Bones
Muscles work in:
Pairs
As one of the muscle pair relaxes, the other:
Contracts for one type of movement
The contracting muscle is called the:
Prime Mover
The relaxed muscle in the pair is called the:
Antagonist
