Describe the Anatomy & Physiology of the Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the three functions of the Skeletal System?

Answer 1

Movement, Protection, and Storage of Minerals and Fat

Question 2

System that is the scaffold against which muscles pull for movement, and it provides protection for delicate organs

Answer 2

Skeletal System

Question 3

What are functions of the Bone?

Answer 3

They provide support and shape to the human body, they synthesize blood and immune cells, as well as store calcium, phosphate, and lipids

Question 4

What is Bone?

Answer 4

A dynamic tissue that is made and broken down according to need

Question 5

What are the 4 major types of Bones?

Answer 5

Long, Short, Flat, and Irregular

Question 6

What bone has longer lengths than widths and make up most of the bones in the arms and legs?

Answer 6

Long Bones

Question 7

What are some examples of Long Bones?

Answer 7

Femur, Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Tibia, and Fibula

Question 8

What is the marrow in the Long Bone? What does it store?

Answer 8

Yellow Marrow, Lipids

Question 9

What is found at the end of Long Bones? What is its purpose?

Answer 9

Red Bone Marrow, It’s the site of blood cell production

Question 10

The ends of Long Bones have growth plates, what happens here?

Answer 10

This is where the bone lengthens if it is growing

Question 11

What bones have the same length and width?

Answer 11

Short Bones

Question 12

Examples of Short Bones?

Answer 12

Square bones of the wrist and ankle

Question 13

What Bones are thin and flat and are used to protect vital organs?

Answer 13

Flat Bones

Question 14

What’s an example of a Flat Bone?

Answer 14

Ribs, they protect the heart and the lungs

Question 15

These bones contain Red Bone Marrow and produce Blood Cells

Answer 15

Flat Bones

Question 16

What Bones have other shapes?

Answer 16

Irregular Bones

Question 17

What are examples of Irregular Bones?

Answer 17

Hip bones and parts of the skull

Question 18

What are Joints?

Answer 18

Places where bones meet other bones

Question 19

Are joints moveable or immovable?

Answer 19

Both, depending on the area of the body

Question 20

Typically, Bones are attached to other Bones through:

Answer 20

Ligaments

Question 21

What bone is the only Bone in the body not connected to other Bones and is held in place only by muscle?

Answer 21

Hyoid Bone which supports the tongue

Question 22

The articulating surfaces of Bones are covered in ___ ___

Answer 22

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 23

What does Hyaline Cartilage do?

Answer 23

Prevents bones from grinding against each other

Question 24

What do Synovial Joints contain?

Answer 24

Lubricating Synovial fluid

Question 25

Are Synovial Joints capable of movement?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

Bone is synthesized in tubular structures called ___

Answer 26

Osteons

Question 27

What are Osteons?

Answer 27

Composed of calcium and phosphate-rich hydroxyapatite embedded in a collagen matrix and are the functional units of compact bone

Question 28

Osteons are also called ___ ___

Answer 28

Haversian Systems

Question 29

The osteon includes the matrix that forms in a concentric ring and the osteocytes that are in small cave-like spaces in the matrix, which are called ___

Answer 29

Lacunae

Question 30

The matrix forms around the ___ ___ that contains blood vessels and nerves

Answer 30

Central Canal

Question 31

Bone is covered by a fibrous sheath called the ___

Answer 31

Periosteum

Question 32

The Periosteum contains:

Answer 32

Nerves and Blood Vessels

Question 33

Just like other cells of the body, bone cells need to be supplied with:

Answer 33

Oxygen and nutrients and need to communicate with other body systems

Question 34

What are the two main types of Bone Cells?

Answer 34

Multinucleate Osteoclasts and Mononucleate Osteoblasts

Question 35

What do Osteoblasts do?

Answer 35

Replace cartilage and secrete mineral deposits that form the matrix, the nonliving substance of the bone

Question 36

Osteoblasts develop into:

Answer 36

Osteocytes

Question 37

What do Osteocytes do?

Answer 37

Strengthen bone tissue and carry out metabolic functions

Question 38

Osteoclasts break down ___ ___ of the matrix

Answer 38

Bone Minerals

Question 39

The building up and breaking down of bone is important for:

Answer 39

Strengthening bones

Question 40

What is Osteoporosis?

Answer 40

When osteoclasts break down bone faster than osteoblasts deposit minerals, the bones become weakened and brittle

Question 41

Excessive withdrawal of minerals from bone can cause the bone’s rigidity to be lost and lead to:

Answer 41

Osteoporosis

Question 42

This disease damages the cartilage that articulates between joints?

Answer 42

Arthritis

Question 43

Brittle Bone Disease (Osteogenesis Imperfecta) results from:

Answer 43

A genetic defect in the collagen matrix

Question 44

What happens in Osteogenesis Imperfecta?

Answer 44

The gene that codes for a necessary collagen needed to form the matrix of the bone is missing and causes bone to break easily

Question 45

The Skeletal Muscles of the Neuromuscular System and the Bones involved in movement must:

Answer 45

Work together in the body

Question 46

These muscles attach to bones and are connected to and communicate with the Central Nervous System:

Answer 46

Skeletal Muscles

Question 47

What happens when the muscle receives a signal to contract from the Central Nervous System?

Answer 47

The muscle contractions, moving a bone its connected to

Question 48

Muscles connect to bones with:

Answer 48

Tendons, which is a connective tissue

Question 49

Tricep and Bicep Muscles control the movement of the:

Answer 49

Elbow

Question 50

Biceps and Triceps connect to the:

Answer 50

Arm Bones

Question 51

Muscles work in:

Answer 51

Pairs

Question 52

As one of the muscle pair relaxes, the other:

Answer 52

Contracts for one type of movement

Question 53

The contracting muscle is called the:

Answer 53

Prime Mover

Question 54

The relaxed muscle in the pair is called the:

Answer 54

Antagonist