Describe the Anatomy & Physiology of the Genitourinary System Flashcards
What is another term for Genitourinary?
Urogenital
The organs in the Genitourinary System function in the ___ process
Excretory
Excretion is a necessary function for:
Salt and water hemostasis and getting rid of wastes
What is the Genitourinary System composed of?
Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra
Where do the Kidneys lie?
Against the dorsal body wall above the waist, superior to the lumbar region
The Kidneys two main regions or layers are:
The Renal Cortex and Renal Medulla
What is the Renal Cortex?
The outer layer of the Kidney where blood vessels are located
What does the Renal Cortex produce?
Erythropoietin
What is Erythropoietin?
A hormone that stimulates the production of new red blood cells
What is the Renal Medulla?
The inner region of the Kidney where the concentration of urine is regulated
What is the Renal Artery of the Kidney?
It allows oxygenated blood to enter the Kidney
What is the Renal Veins of the Kidney?
It allows filtered, deoxygenated blood to leave the Kidney
What do the Kidneys manufacture?
Urine
Urine travels through the Ureters to the ___ ___ where it is stored until it is excreted through the urethra
Urinary Bladder
What all is part of the Excretory System?
The Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra
What are the Ureters?
One for each Kidney, small tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder, which holds the urine until elimination
Do male or females have a shorter Urethra?
Females. Males urethra’s pass through the penis and also carries sperm
This system helps maintain the balance of Homeostasis by getting rid of waste:
The Genitourinary System
Nitrogenous waste from protein digestion is ___ and must be removed because it will form ___
Toxic, Ammonia
What are Kidneys responsible for?
Filtering blood, creating urine, stabilizing water balance, maintaining blood pressure, and producing the active form of Vitamin D
The ___ System also plays a vital role in several of the Kidneys functions
Endocrine
What is the functional unit of the Kidney?
The Nephron
What are Nephrons?
A system of microscopic tubes that use various pressure levels to remove wastes and reabsorb important molecules and water
Blood enters the Kidney full of waste from ___, especially of protein ___
Metabolism, Metabolism
After the blood enters the Kidney, it enters a ___ ___ connected to the renal artery
Nephron Capillary
After the blood enters the Nephron Capillary, it then flows to the ___
Glomerulus
What is the Glomerulus?
A small, dense group of capillaries in the Nephron. This is where material is filtered from the blood
Filtrate is:
The material filtered from the blood which includes water, urea, glucose salts, and other small molecules
Filtrate first moves through the ___
Tubule
Water and other important substances to the body are reabsorbed through the ___ back into the blood
Capillaries
What remains in the tubule, ___, is emptied into a ___ in the Kidney and drains from there to the ___ and then is stored in the ___ ___
Urine, Cavity, Ureter, Urinary Bladder
What is the Urinary Bladder?
A hollow, muscular organ that holds 400-800 mL of liquid and has sensors that communicate with the Central Nervous System
What happens in order for Excretion to occur?
Both the internal and external sphincters of the bladder must relax
From the bladder, the urine is released through the ___
Urethra
What is released urine?
Waste product composed of 95% water, with urea, salts, and excess organic molecules
What is the Kidney’s role in maintaining blood pressure?
By controlling the volume of the blood
Secreted Hormones of the Kidneys constrict or dilate blood vessels, causing:
The needed increase or decrease in blood pressure
Kidneys help control the production of:
Red Blood Cells
The Cardiovascular System pumps blood into the Kidneys through the:
Renal Artery
The pressure of the blood helps the Glomerulus:
To filter out wastes and return vital nutrients through the renal vein back to the blood
What produces Renin?
The Kidneys
What is Renin?
A hormone that regulates blood pressure by retaining or removing water and salt
