General Anatomy & Physiology of a Human Flashcards
What is the structural organizational level of the biological hierarchy?
- Chemicals
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Organ System
- Organism
What are the key macromolecules important to living things?
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids
What is the fundamental unit of life and why?
Cell because all life functions take place there
What are the four basic types of cells?
Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, and Muscular
What are cells with the same function?
Tissues
What is considered the building block of all living organisms?
Cell
What are the basic parts of a cell?
Nucleus, Plasma Membrane, and Cytoplasm
Where are organelles found?
In the cytoplasm
What is the site of energy production?
Mitochondria
What is the function of the Cell Wall?
Provides structural support and protection for cell
What is the function of Chloroplasts?
Uses photosynthesis to produce ATP and other sugars
What is the function of Cytoskeleton?
Aids in the transferring of materials and movements of whole cells
What is the function of Golgi Apparatus?
Processes proteins
What is the function of Lysosomes?
Aids in digestion and recycling of old cell materials
What is the function of the Mitochondria?
Manufactures ATP
What is the function of the Nucleus?
Holds all genetic information such as DNA, and conducts the building of ribosomes
What is the function of the Plasma Membrane?
Maintains cell’s environment through the process of selective permeability
What is the function of Ribosomes?
Synthesizes proteins in the cell
What is the function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Synthesizes and processes proteins in the cell
What is the function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Synthesizes and processes lipids in the cell
What is the function of Vacuoles?
Serves as storage for a variety of elements such as water, toxins, and carbohydrates
What is Anatomical Position?
The stance of an individual
What is the stance of an individual in an Anatomical Position?
The human body is erect and facing forward, arms are at the sides with palms forward. Feet are parallel, and arms and legs are slightly away from the torso
What is the Anatomical Plane?
Divides the body into two
Front and Back division:
Coronal or Frontal Plane
Top and Bottom division:
Transverse or Cross-Sectional
What is Anatomical Direction?
Identifies the location of structures in relation to other structures
What is Distal?
Farther away
What is Proximal?
Closer or toward
What is Lateral and Medial?
They determine which structure is closer to the medial line. It divides the body into right and left sides
What is Superior or Cranial?
Above, toward the head
What is Inferior or Caudal?
Away from the head
What is Anterior or Ventral?
Front
What is Posterior or Dorsal?
Back
A vertical plane running from front to back; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides
Sagittal Plane
