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TEAS Science > Describe Chemical Reactions > Flashcards

Describe Chemical Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemical Reactions are occurring constantly in nature by:

A

Creating and breaking bonds between elements and compounds

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2
Q

Chemical Bonds occur when:

A

Two or more atoms have interactions between electrons

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3
Q

Ionic Bonds can only form when:

A

The element involved have a large difference in electronegativity, such as exists between metal and nonmetals. The difference allows for the donation of electrons from one element to the other

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4
Q

Ionic Bonds become:

A

Ions or charged atoms

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5
Q

Metals tend to become:

A

Positively charged cations

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6
Q

Nonmetals tend to become:

A

Negatively charged anions

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7
Q

Metals can be found toward the ___ side of the Periodic Table

A

Left

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8
Q

Nonmetals can be found toward the ___ side of the Periodic Table

A

Right

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9
Q

Sometimes elements ___ Electrons instead of donating Electrons, forming a different type of bond

A

Share

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10
Q

Covalent Bonds require:

A

The sharing of Electrons and occur between two nonmetals

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11
Q

In Covalent Bonds, there is not a ___ ___ in electronegativity to gain or lose Electrons

A

Sufficient Difference

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12
Q

Differences in Electronegativity within a Covalently Bonded molecule causes them to be:

A

Polar or Nonpolar

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13
Q

Polar Covalent Compounds have a ___ charged side and a ___ charged side

A

Negatively, Positively

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14
Q

Water is a ___ Molecule because:

A

Polar, The Hydrogen side of the molecule is positively charged and the oxygen side is negatively charged as a result of the strong electronegativity of oxygen pulling at the shared electron. These molecules are still neutral in charge

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15
Q

Chemical Reactions are represented by:

A

Chemical equations

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16
Q

Chemical Equations have a basic pattern:

A

Reactants, Reaction sign showing the direction of the reaction (–>), and products

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17
Q

What is the formation of Salt in a Chemical Equation?

A

2Na + Cl2 –> 2NaCl

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18
Q

Chemical Equations must be shown as:

A

Balanced Equations, meaning there must be the same number of each element on both sides

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19
Q

What are the 5 Basic Chemical Reactions?

A

Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Replacement, Double Replacement, and Combustion

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20
Q

What is a Synthesis Reaction?

A

Taking two substances and combining them into a new substance

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21
Q

What is Decomposition?

A

The opposite of Synthesis, it is a reaction in which a compound is broken down into similar elements that composed the compound

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22
Q

Water can be broken down into:

A

Hydrogen and Oxygen

23
Q

Single Replacement is a reaction in which:

A

An atom or group of atoms is replaced by another

24
Q

In a Double-Replacement Reaction:

A

Two replacements happen

25
Q

What is Combustion? Give an example

A

Oxygen combines with a compound to form carbon dioxide and water. These reactions give off head and are exothermic. Burning of wood is an example of a Combustion Reaction

26
Q

Reaction rates can be altered by:

A

Changing conditions of a reaction

27
Q

What are examples of Changing Factors?

A

Pressure, Concentrations of Reactants and Substrates, Temperature, and the Presence of Catalysts

28
Q

What changes the speed of reactions?

A

Changing Factors

29
Q

Changing Factors can be applied to an equation to asses the ___ of ___

A

Rate, Reaction

30
Q

Increasing the pressure surrounding a reaction increases the:

A

Chance of collisions between atoms and molecules and increase the reaction rate

31
Q

Increasing the Concentration of Reactants increases the probability that:

A

Reactants will come in contact with each other, thus increasing the likelihood of breaking or creating a bond

32
Q

If product Concentration is increased, the reaction will:

A

Slow down

33
Q

What are Catalysts?

A

Chemicals that lower the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur

34
Q

What speeds up reactions that would otherwise be extremely slow to occur?

A

Catalysts

35
Q

Does the Catalyst change during the reaction?

A

No

36
Q

Is the Catalyst reused?

A

Yes

37
Q

In Biological Systems, Catalysts are proteins called ___

A

Enzymes

38
Q

Examples of Common Ionic Compounds (salts) are:

A

Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and Potassium Chloride (KCl)

39
Q

Examples of Common Ionic Compounds are:

A

Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) and Sodium Bromide (NaBr) and each include a metal and a non-metal

40
Q

Examples of Common Covalent Bonds are:

A

Water (H2O), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), and Oxygen (O2)

41
Q

What is an example of a Common Organic Compound found in Combustion Reactions?

A

Ethanol (C2H6O)

42
Q

What’s an example of a Basic Organic Compound?

A

Glucose (C6H12O6)

43
Q

pH is a measure of:

A

The amount of Hydrogen Ions (H+) in a solution

44
Q

Acids are:

A

Substances that provide Hydrogen Ions (H+) or accept OJ- ions, and lower pH

45
Q

Acids have a pH lower than

A

7

46
Q

Bases are:

A

Substances that provide Hydroxide Ions (OH-) or accept H+ ions and raise pH

47
Q

Bases have a pH higher than

A

7

48
Q

Neutral Solutions maintain a pH of:

A

7

49
Q

What are great examples of Neutral Solutions?

A

Water and Human Blood

50
Q

Cells function in a ___ pH range

A

Narrow

51
Q

The human body uses chemicals called ___ to control the pH in the body

A

Buffers

52
Q

Buffers can absorb excess:

A

H+ or OH-

53
Q

What maintains the proper pH of the body?

A

Buffers

54
Q

What are important Buffers in the human body?

A

Carbon Dioxide and Bicarbonate

TEAS Science (21 decks)

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