Describe the Anatomy & Physiology of the Neuromuscular System Flashcards
The Neuromuscular System integrates/compromises:
Muscles and Nerves
The Neuromuscular System controls:
Involuntary and Voluntary Movement
What are Nerves?
Long bundles of axons that transmit signals from the central nervous system
Signals start as:
Electrical impulses generated at the end of nerve cells
Impulses travels along the ___ and then is transmitted to the next cell using ___ ___ secreted into the synapse from the ___ ___.
Axon, Chemical Neurotransmitters, Axon Terminals
Nerves ___ and ___ signals in the Neuromuscular System.
Send, Receive
Sensory Nerves or:
Afferent Nerves
Sensory (Afferent) Nerves send messages to the:
Central Nervous System
Motor Nerves or:
Efferent Nerves
Motor (Efferent) Nerves send messages to the:
Muscles
Autonomic Nervous System or:
Involuntary
The Autonomic (Involuntary) Nervous System controls:
Involuntary actions involving cardiac and smooth muscle such as heart rhythm, breathing, and digestion
Voluntary Nerve signals:
Make skeletal muscles do a deliberate action such as walking, throwing, or typing
What are the three types of muscles?
Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac
What do Skeletal Muscles attach to and are involved with?
They attach to bones and are involved in the movement of bones
Where can Smooth Muscles be found?
Stomach, Blood Vessels, and Intestines
Where can Cardiac Muscles be found?
The heart
What do muscles contain and are made of?
Muscles contain long myofibrils made of sarcomere units, each consisting of long strands of proteins called actin and myosin
Actin:
Thin filaments
Myosin:
Thick filaments
Each muscle fiber is connected to:
A nerve fiber
For the entire muscle to move, it takes:
Effort by many nerves and fibers and the use of ATP to power the contraction
ATP:
Adenosine Triphosphate
When a muscle is relaxed, ___ and ___ ___ are not attached.
Myosin, Actin Filaments
When muscles contract, the filaments:
Bind and are pulled together
Skeletal Muscles work by:
Contracting
How does the Nervous System work?
The nervous system sends a signal to a muscle. Actin and Myosin proteins in the muscle slide past each other, creating either a contraction or a relaxation of the muscle. These two basic motions are responsible for all muscle movement
What allows muscles to receive a signal and respond with the appropriate magnitude and movement?
Receptors
What disorders can disrupt the signal and response?
Muscle strain and sprain to muscular dystrophy
