Describe the Anatomy & Physiology of the Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is another term for Cardiovascular System?
Circulatory System
What is the Circulatory System responsible for?
The movement of blood and lymph around the body
What does the Circulatory System allow for?
Nutrient distribution, waste removal, communication, and protection
What is the Heart made up of?
Muscle tissue
The Heart is split up into how many chambers?
Four
The upper chambers are called
Atria
The lower chambers are called
Ventricles
The atria and ventricles are attached to ___ and ___ that are connected to different parts of the body
Veins, Arteries
One-way valves control:
The flow of blood into and out of the chambers of the heart
What vital functions do the Cardiovascular System perform?
Transporting nutrients, wastes, chemical messengers, and immune molecules
How many circulatory systems are there?
Two
What is the Closed Circulatory System?
A double loop system consisting of thick-walled arteries that transport blood away from the heart, thinner-walled veins that transport blood to the heart, and capillaries made up of a single layer epithelium that form a network that connect arteries to veins in tissues
What is the Open Lymphatic System?
Circulates and filters interstitial fluid between cells and eventually drains into the circulatory system
What does the closed, double-loop system transport?
Blood
How many parts are in the double-loop system and what are they called?
Two, Pulmonary and Systole
What does the pulmonary loop do?
It carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs where it is oxygenated and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium
What does the systemic loop do?
It carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body, returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
What two cycles of contractions do the heart undergo?
Systole and Diastole
What does Systole indicate?
Contraction of heart muscles
What does Diastole indicate?
Relaxation of heart muscles
What is the Heart Cycle?
The ventricles contract, causing the antrioventricular valves (including the mitral and tricuspid valves) to close, making a “lub” sound. The empty ventricles are filled by blood pushed out during atrial systole. At the same time, the semilunar valves in the aorta and pulmonary arteries close, preventing blood from falling back into the ventricles, making a “dub” sound.
What is ventricular contraction also called?
Ventricular Systole
Contractions are controlled by a ___ called the ___
Pacemaker, Sinoatrial Node
What does the Sinoatrial Node do?
Send out electrical signals for contractions
Why does Arteries have thick walls?
To withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart
Do veins have thick or thin walls and small or large lumen?
Thin muscle layer walls and large lumen
What does Blood Plasma contain?
Nutrients, hormones, antibodies, and other immune proteins
What does Red Blood Cells contain?
Hemoglobin
What do Red Blood Cells do?
Transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body
Where does Carbon Dioxide dissolve?
In plasma
Where is Carbon Dioxide removed?
By the lungs
White Blood Cells are divided into:
Leukocytes and Lymphocytes
What do White Blood Cells do?
Defend against pathogens
What do the Open Circulatory System’s Capillaries do?
Drain interstitial fluid that fills spaces between the cells and filter it through a system of lymph nodes that are enriched in lymphocytes and provide surveillance by the immune system
Lymph (especially plasma with the red blood cells removed) eventually drains into the…
Large veins leading back to the heart
What are enriched in lymph nodes and what do they do?
Leukocytes and lymphocytes, they monitor and respond to foreign molecules washed into the system
Where are lymph nodes located?
Oral, nasal, and genital regions where foreign entities enter the body
What is the Blood Flow through the Cardiovascular System?
Oxygenated blood in the left ventricle pumps through the body. As it flows through arteries to capillaries, it transports oxygen to tissues and picks up carbon dioxide. Then, the deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through veins. This blood is now deoxygenated and concentrated with carbon dioxide. It enters the heart through the right atrium and then flows into the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the blood towards the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and loses carbon dioxide. Then it returns to the heart through the left atrium and starts the cycle again
