Explain Mendel's Laws of Heredity

Question 1

Laws of Heredity refer to:

Answer 1

Principles regarding how traits are passed on to offspring

Question 2

One of Mendel’s observations was that there are differences in the prevalence of trains which means:

Answer 2

Some traits are more likely to be passed on than others

Question 3

Mendel hypothesized that offspring inherit ___ from their parents

Answer 3

Factors

Question 4

Today, Factor’s are known as:

Answer 4

Genes

Question 5

Each Gene for a trait comes in varieties called

Answer 5

Alleles

Question 6

Recessive Allele is only expressed when:

Answer 6

Both Alleles are recessive

Question 7

What is Mendel’s Third Law?

Answer 7

The Law of Dominance

Question 8

What is the Law of Dominance?

Answer 8

When both Allele’s are recessive

Question 9

Offspring inherit ___ copies of each Gene

Answer 9

Two

Question 10

There are ___ Alleles for each Gene

Answer 10

Two

Question 11

Combination of two Alleles is called a:

Answer 11

Genotype

Question 12

If the Chromosome contains two Alleles that are the same, that Genotype is called:

Answer 12

Homozygous

Question 13

If the Chromosome contains two different Alleles, that Genotype is called:

Answer 13

Heterozygous

Question 14

The Alleles that are present in an organism determine the ___ of the organism

Answer 14

Phenotype

Question 15

What is Phenotype?

Answer 15

The expression of the genes for that trait. Phenotypes are physical traits such as color or unseen traits such as blood type

Question 16

Offspring express either a Dominant or Recessive Phenotype based on:

Answer 16

The two Alleles inherited for a trait

Question 17

Passed from parent to offspring through Gametes (egg or sperm):

Answer 17

Inherited Traits

Question 18

Each Gamete carries ___ Chromosome if the Chromosome pair and only ___ copy of each Gene

Answer 18

One, One

Question 19

Culturally influenced behavior is or is not considered inherited?

Answer 19

NOT

Question 20

Mendel’s Law of Heredity focus’s on ___ traits

Answer 20

Inherited

Question 21

What is one way to predict the likelihood of trains in Offspring?

Answer 21

Punnet Square

Question 22

What is a Punnet Square?

Answer 22

A chart that can be used to determine the ratios of the Genotypes of offspring from a reproductive cross

Question 23

To use a Punnet Square, you must know:

Answer 23

The Genotypes of the parents

Question 24

Genotypes are represented by:

Answer 24

Two letters

Question 25

Capital letters represents:

Answer 25

Dominant Alleles

Question 26

Small letters represents:

Answer 26

Recessive Alleles

Question 27

PP means:

Answer 27

Two dominant Alleles

Question 28

pp means:

Answer 28

Two recessive Alleles

Question 29

Pp means:

Answer 29

Heterozygous genotype

Question 30

Mendel’s Law of Segregation states:

Answer 30

Offspring inherit 1 Allele from each parent for a trait, and no Allele is favored or has an advantage over the others

Question 31

What is a Dihybrid Cross?

Answer 31

The inheritance of two traits using a Punnett Square

Question 32

A Dihybrid Cross illustrates:

Answer 32

Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment

Question 33

A Dihybrid tracks:

Answer 33

The inheritance of two different traits and starts with a parental cross of two true breeding or homozygous organisms

Question 34

Results hold true only if:

Answer 34

Parental genes for a trait must segregate or separate equally and randomly into haploid gametes (sperm or eggs) that way offspring have an equal chance of inheriting either Allele

Question 35

In Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment, one parent is ___ ___ for both traits and the other is ___ ___ for both traits

Answer 35

Homozygous Dominant, Homozygous Recessive

Question 36

In Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment, the Offspring (F1) generation are all:

Answer 36

Heterozygous (YyRr) and show only 2 dominant traits

Question 37

When an F1 cross is formed, the F2 generation shows:

Answer 37

Both dominant and recessive traits, resulting in a ratio of 9:3:3:1

Question 38

How many Phenotypes will appear in Mendel’s Law of Assortment?

Answer 38

Four, because the Alleles are not inherited together

Question 39

Non-Mendelian inheritance occurs when:

Answer 39

There are factors other than dominant and recessive Alleles in play

Question 40

Mendelian ratios occur when:

Answer 40

Simple dominance-recessive relationship exists between two Alleles

Question 41

What does Non-Mendelian result from?

Answer 41

Factors such as multiple Alleles (ex. blood groups A, B, and O), Incomplete dominance-recessive relationships that lead to an intermediate (ex. red and white alleles making pink flowers), Co-dominance (ex. AB blood groups express both A and B proteins), and Interactions between genes called “epistatis”

Question 42

If the 3:1 or 9:3:3:1 relationship is not obtained when the F2 Phenotypes are analyzed, it is indicative of:

Answer 42

Non-Mendelian Inheritance