Explain Characteristic Properties of Substances Flashcards
All substances have ___ and ___
Physical, Chemical
Physical Properties refer to:
Observed properties of the substance and those that can change the state without changing the identity of the substance
Boiling Liquid Water is an example of ___ because:
Physical Properties because the steam that is produced is a gaseous state of water with the same molecular formula as liquid water (Hydrogen atoms and one Oxygen), its identity has not changed
Can vapor be condensed to form liquid water again?
Yes
Other Physical Properties include:
Density, Melting Point, Boiling Point, Malleability, Specific Heat Capacity, and Conductivity
What are Intensive Physical Properties?
Boiling Point, Melting Point, Luster
Intensive Physical Properties do not depend on the amount of the ___ present
Substance
What are Extensive Physical Properties?
Mass and Volume)
Extensive Physical Properties can change depending on the amount of ___ present
Matter
Chemical Properties depend on the ___ ___ of the substance
Chemical Reactivity
When a substance Chemically reacts with another substance, it results in:
Formation of a new substance with a different composition and identity
What’s an example of an Extensive Physical Property?
A sugar cube being cut in half, changing the volume of each half
How sugar reacts when a sugar cube is burned is considered a:
Chemical Property because the sugar combines with Oxygen, converting sugar to the new substances carbon dioxide and water
What is the ratio for Mass to Volume?
Density
Denser substances will sink, while less dense Substances will ___
Float
Solid water (ice) is ___ dense than liquid water
Less
Water is a ___ molecule
Polar
What has negatively charged (oxygen end) and positively charged (hydrogen end) sides?
Water
What allows Water to form Hydrogen Bonds and demonstrate both cohesive and adhesive properties?
The Polarity of Water
What is Cohesion?
A measure of how well similar molecules stick to each other or group together
Water Molecules are cohesive because:
They are attracted to other water molecules
The cohesiveness of Water allows it to travel through small capillaries without using ___
Energy
Cohesiveness creates surface tension by:
Creating a tight-knit layer of water molecules on the surface of any body of water
Breaking up the multitude of Hydrogen Bonds between Water requires a lot of energy, so water is said to have:
High specific heat and high heat of vaporization
What does Water boil at?
100 Degrees C
Ice floats on Water because:
It has lower density than liquid water
Most substances have greater densities in ___ form
Solid
Adhesiveness is:
A measure of how well dissimilar particles or surfaces cling to one another
The adhesiveness of Water allows it to:
Stick to other molecules because of water’s polarity
What is considered the Universal Solvent?
Water, meaning many substances dissolve in water
___ and ___ are key processes for the transport of molecules through substrate and across membranes
Diffusion, Osmosis
What is Diffusion?
It’s the movement of any substance from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
One example of Diffusion is:
Perfume because will at first be concentrated in the area it was sprayed. However, over time, the molecules of perfume will spread out until the concentration of perfume molecules is the same in all areas of the room
What is Osmosis?
Osmosis is a specific type of diffusion referring to water moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration
Water moves ___ across a membrane through pores made of ___ ___
Passively, Aquaporin Proteins
___ moves from regions where Solvent Concentrations is high to areas where Solvent Concentrations is low
Water
What is one example of Osmosis?
Plants taking in water through their roots. When water is available in soil, Osmosis causes water to flow through the cell walls to the root interior where there is a lower concentration of water
To move from regions of low to high Concentrations, ___ must be used
Energy
What is Active Transport?
Movement against the concentration gradient that requires energy
___ and ___ do not require energy, other than the ___ energy of moving molecules
Diffusion, Osmosis, Kinetic
