Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Receptor Theory > Flashcards

Receptor Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of some drug targets?

A

Receptors
Enzymes
Carrier molecules
Ion channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a receptor?

A

Target molecule through which soluble physiological mediators produce their effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is required for drug receptor interactions?

A

Specific chemical structure required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are kinetic experiments in binding studies?

A

Where the binding of one or more concs of radioligand is measured at an incrementing series of time points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are saturation experiments in binding studies?

A

Where binding of an increasing series of concs of radioligand L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are competition/modulation experiments in binding studies?

A

Where the binding of one or more fixed concs of a radioligand is measured at eqm in presence of an incrementing series of cons of a non-labelled compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an agonist?

A

A substance that interacts with the receptor, + elicits observable biological response. Can be endogenous or exogenous substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens as agonist conc increases?

A

Response increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is ED50?

A

Effective dose = indicates how much drug is required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a partial agonist?

A

Acts on same receptor as agonists, BUT, regardless of the dose it cannot produce same max biological response as full agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens to partial agonist as drug conc increases?

A

Response of agonist increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are inverse (negative) agonists?

A

Acts on same receptor of agonist yet produces an inverse effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens to inverse agonist as drug conc increases?

A

Response decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a spare receptor?

A

Max responses elicited at less than max response occupancy. Receptors which exist in less of those required to produce full effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is intrinsic activity?

A

Value that refers to the ability of complex to produce a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

Inhibits the effect of an agonist BUT has no effect of its own. May compete on the same receptor site that the agonist couples, or may act on allosteric site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the different type of antagonists?

A

Competitive
Non-competitive
Allosteric
Physiological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a competitive antagonist?

A

Binds to same site as agonist in reversible manner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a non-competitive antagonist?

A

Binds to same site as agonist irreversibly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an allosteric antagonist?

A

Antagonist + agonist bind to different site on same receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a physiological antagonist?

A

2 drugs have opposite effects through different mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does a competitive antagonist do to the curve?

A

Shift to right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does a non-competitive antagonist do to the curve?

A

Shift to right + down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does a allosteric antagonist do to the curve?

A

Shift to right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a heteroreceptor?

A

Receptor that regulates synthesis + release of chemical mediators other than its own ligand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is an auto receptor?

A

Macromolecule typically found in nerve ending that regulates synthesis + release of own ligand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is receptor-down regulation?

A

Agonist, induces a decrease in no. of receptors available for binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is receptor-up regulation?

A

Agonist, induces an increase in no. of receptors available for binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is affinity?

A

The ability of drug to bind to receptor

30
Q

What happens if a ligand has low affinity?

A

High conc needed for biological response

31
Q

What is efficacy?

A

Measure of max physiological response

32
Q

What is potency?

A

Refers to dose of drug required to produce specific effect of given magnitude

33
Q

What is potency dependent on?

A

Affinity + efficacy

34
Q

What happens if it is more potent?

A

Effect at lower conc

35
Q

What happens if less potent?

A

Effect at higher conc

36
Q

What is the occupation theory?

Receptor theory

A

Drugs act on independent binding sites + activate them = biological response proportional to amount of drug-receptor complex formed
Response stops = complex dissociation
Drug effect directly proportional to no. of receptors occupied

37
Q

What is rate theory?

A

Pharmacological activity directly proportional to rate of dissociation + association, NOT no. of receptors occupied

38
Q

What is the dissociation + association of an agonist?

A

BOTH fast

39
Q

What is the dissociation + association of an antagonist?

A

Fast association

Slow dissociation

40
Q

What is the dissociation + association of a partial agonist?

A

Intermediate association

Intermediate dissociation

41
Q

What is the induced-fit theory?

A

As drug approaches receptor, receptor alters conformation of its binding site to produce drug-receptor complex. Binding produce mutual plastic moulding of both ligand + receptor

42
Q

How many types of macromolecular perturbation theory is there?

A

2

43
Q

What is the first type of macromolecular perturbation theory?

A

Specific conformational perturbation = biological response (agonist)

44
Q

What is the second type of macromolecular perturbation theory?

A

Non-specific conformational perturbation = biological response (antagonist)

45
Q

What is activation aggregation theory?

A

Drug receptor exists in eqm between activated state (bioactive) + inactive state (bio-inactive); agonist bind to activated state + antagonist to inactivated state

46
Q

What is 2-state receptor model?

A

Receptor exists in resting + active state, presence of drug shifts eqm either way

47
Q

What are chemotherapeutic drugs?

A

Used to cure diseases + cancer

48
Q

What are examples of chemotherapeutic drugs?

A

Sulfa drugs + antibiotics

49
Q

What are pharmacodynamic drugs?

A

Used in non-infectious diseases

50
Q

What are examples of pharmacodynamic drugs?

A

Sedatives + hallucinogenic

51
Q

What are examples of miscellaneous agents?

A

Narcotic analgesics + local anaesthetics

52
Q

What are the different types of drug mechanisms?

A 
Physical
Chemical 
Drug-receptor interactions
Drug-enzyme interactions
Drug-channel interactions
Miscellaneous
53
Q

What is a physical mechanism?

A

Drug does NOT produce chemical reaction or change in cells of body

54
Q

What is a chemical mechanism?

A

Drug acts by producing chemical reaction

55
Q

What is drug-receptor interaction mechanism?

A

Act on cell membrane + builds complex

56
Q

What is a ligand?

A

Substances that bind to receptors

57
Q

What is an example of a ligand?

A

Acetyl choline

58
Q

What is an agonist?

A

Drugs that bind to receptors = activate receptors

59
Q

What happens after response increases till peak?

A

Response decreases even though agonist still bound

60
Q

What happens once response decreases after peak is met?

A

Produces relaxation of skeletal muscles by:
Activation of nicotine receptors
Desensitization of receptors in neuromuscular junction

61
Q

What are drug-enzyme interaction mechanisms?

A

Same as drug-receptor just enzymes instead

Competitive + non-competitive

62
Q

What are drug-channel interaction mechanisms?

A

Same as drug-receptor just involves channels

eg. Na+, K+, Ca2+ + Cl- channels

63
Q

What are miscellaneous mechanisms?

A

Drugs don’t act through any mechanism already mentioned

64
Q

Describe non-specific interactions

A

Drugs act by physical means outside cell
External surfaces of skin + GI tract
Outside of cell = chemical interactions

65
Q

What is primary effect?

A

Desired therapeutic effect

66
Q

What is secondary effect?

A

All other effects beside therapeutic - beneficial or harmful

67
Q

What is local effect?

A

When drug effect occurs immediate vicinity of application

68
Q

What is systemic effect?

A

When drug effect occurs away from site of administration

69
Q

What are the two modes of action?

A

Killing foreign organisms

Stimulation + depression

70
Q

What is killing foreign organisms?

Mode of action

A

Chemotherapeutic agents kill bacteria, worms + viruses

71
Q

What is stimulation + depression?

Mode of action

A

Drugs act stimulating or depressing normal physiological functions
Stimulation = increases rate of activity
Depression = decreases

72
Q

What is the action of drugs?

A

Biochemical physiological mechanisms by which the chemical produces a response in living organisms

Pharmacology (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions