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Pharmacology > Hematopoietic System > Flashcards

Hematopoietic System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hematopoietic system?

A

The system in the body involved in creation of cells of blood. The system consists of organs + tissues, primarily bone marrow, spleen, tonsils + lymph nodes involved in production of blood

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2
Q

What is blood?

A

Fluid connective tissue constituting about 7% of our total body weight

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3
Q

What is blood’s functions?

A

Transports substances
Helps regulate life processes
Affords protects against diseases

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4
Q

What are the primary components of blood?

A

Plasma
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Leukocytes (WBCs)
Platelets

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5
Q

Describe erythrocytes

A

Biconcave discs
Lack nucleus + other organelles
Plasma membrane, cytosol + haemoglobin

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6
Q

What does cytosol contain?

A

Haemoglobin

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7
Q

What is the function of erythrocytes?

A

Transport respiratory gases
Nucleate
Haematopoiesis

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8
Q

Describe haemoglobin

A

Composed of 4 protein globin chains
Each centred around haem group
Each haem group consists of porphyrin ring with Fe2+ centre

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9
Q

What does an adult haemoglobin contain

A

2 alpha chains + 2 beta chains

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10
Q

What does Fe2+ allow?

A

Binding of O2

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11
Q

What are reticulocytes?

A

Less mature erythrocytes

Up to 2 days old

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12
Q

Where are RBCs released from?

A

Bone marrow into peripheral circulation

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13
Q

What do reticulocytes contain?

A

Residual ribonucleoprotein particles

= bluish hue to cell

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14
Q

What are the different types of WBCs?

A 
Neutrophils 
Eosinophils 
Basophils 
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
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15
Q

What is WBC name?

A

Leukocytes

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16
Q

What are granulocytes?

A

Neutrophil, eosinophil + basophil

= contain bacteria-combating granules

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17
Q

What are the agranulocytes?

A

Lymphocyte + monocyte

= no granules

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18
Q

Describe neutrophils

A

Biggest
Most numerous
Prominent nucleus segmented into 2

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19
Q

What do less mature neutrophils look like?

A

Non-segmented nucleus

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20
Q

What does cytoplasm of neutrophils contain?

A

Glycogen, numerous filaments + microtubules

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21
Q

Describe the action of neutrophils

A

Microbe —-> chemotaxis of phagocyte to microbes —-> ingestion —-> killing be enzymes + other chemicals —-> elimination (exocytosis)

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22
Q

Describe eosinophils

A

Same size as neutrophils

Contain bilobed nucleus

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23
Q

What does cytoplasm of eosinophils contain?

A

Specific granules that contain dense filamentous core of major basic protein

24
Q

What does matrix of granules in eosinophils contain?

A

Lysosomal enzymes

25
Q

Describe basophils

A

Smaller
Nucleus = 2-3 lobes
Similar to mast cells

26
Q

Why can basophils be hard to distinguish?

A

Have large, dark-staining granules

27
Q

What do basophil granules contain?

A

High conc of heparin, histamine, leukotrienes, serotonin + chemotic factor

28
Q

What do basophils do?

A

Mediate hypersensitivity

= bind to IgE antibody

29
Q

What do eosinophils do?

A

Phagocytose antigen-antibody complexes in active leukotrienes

30
Q

Describe monocytes

A

Largest cell in blood
Large nucleus - ovoid, kidney shaped
Cytoplasm pale

31
Q

What do monocytes do?

A

Ingest + remove tissue debris + infectious agents

32
Q

Describe lymphocytes

A

Relatively big
Contain single, deeply-stained, spherical nucleus
Contain few granules

33
Q

What are the different types of lymphocytes?

A

T cells, B cells + neutral killer cells (NK)

34
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A

Plasma cells produce antibodies

35
Q

What are the platelets called?

A

Thrombocytes

36
Q

Describe thrombocyte

A

Non-nucleated flat, biconvex, round or ovoid disc

37
Q

What are thrombocytes derived from?

A

Bone marrow megakaryocytes

38
Q

What are thrombocytes involved in?

A

Haemostasis

39
Q

What do thrombocytes promote?

A

Coagulation to form blood clots

40
Q

Describe megakaryocyte

A

Platelets are components

Edges break off to form platelets

41
Q

Describe bone marrow

A

Soft tissue that fills centre of bones
Richly vascularized connective tissue
Most rapidly replicating tissue in body

42
Q

What is myeloid tissue?

A

Blood forming tissues identified as “red marrow” of bones

43
Q

What is lymphoid tissues?

A

Elements of larger lymphatic system; some lymphoids arise from proliferation within lymphoid tissues

44
Q

Where does haematopoiesis happen at embryonic stage?

A

Synthesis of blood cells in spleen, liver + bone

marrow

45
Q

Where does haematopoiesis happen at birth stage?

A

Bone marrow

46
Q

What is the development of erythrocytes regulated by?

A

Hormone erythropoietin

47
Q

What is general stages of haemostasis?

A

Vasoconstriction
Temporary clot
Coagulation

48
Q

Describe what happens in haemostasis

A

Blood flow + pressure decreased
Exposed collagen binds + activates platelets
Release of platelet factors
Factors attract more platelets
Platelets aggregate into platelet plug
Associated with activation of fibrin protein mesh

49
Q

What is blood type?

A

Classification of blood based on presence + absence of antibodies + inherited antigenic substances on surface of RBCs

50
Q

What are the 4 main types?

A

A
B
AB
O

51
Q

What does Rh factor do?

A

Present either + or -

eg. A-, A+ …

52
Q

What antigen + antibody does A have?

A

A

B

53
Q

What antigen + antibody does B have?

A

B

A

54
Q

What antigen + antibody does AB have?

A

A+B

NONE

55
Q

What antigen + antibody does O have?

A

NONE

BOTH

56
Q

DONORS

A

LEARN TABLE

Pharmacology (40 decks)

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