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Pharmacology > DNA + RNA Structure > Flashcards

DNA + RNA Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Describe DNA

A

Base pairs
Ribose sugars
Phosphate
Double stranded

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2
Q

Describe RNA

A

Base pairs
Ribose sugar
Phosphate
Single stranded

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3
Q

What are the different types of RNA?

A

mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

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4
Q

What are both DNA + RNA?

A

Polymers made up from repeating monomer units known as nucleotides

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5
Q

What are nucleotides made from?

A

3 different units
= sugar
= base
= phosphate group

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6
Q

What are the 2 types of bases?

A 
Purine base (imidazole + pyrimidine)
Pyrimidine base (pyrimidine)
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7
Q

What are the purine bases?

A

6-aminopurine derivative = adenine

2-amino-6-hydroxypurine derivative = guanine

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8
Q

What is tautomerism?

A

Form of constitutional isomerism

= intramolecular formal migration of H atom

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9
Q

What is common tautomerism?

A

Keto-enol tautomerism

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10
Q

What happens to guanine in tautomerism?

A

H is removed from N-H + added to O = O-H

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11
Q

What happens to adenine in tautomerism?

A

H is removed from N-H + added to N = NH2

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12
Q

What are the pyrimidine bases?

A

Uracil
Cytosine
Thymine

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13
Q

What is thymine?

A

DNA only

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14
Q

What is uracil?

A

RNA only

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15
Q

What is the difference between DNA + RNA sugars?

A 
DNA = deoxyribose 
RNA = ribose
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16
Q

Describe ribose- 2’OH group

A

RNA chemically more reactive than DNA

= 2’OH = nucleophile

17
Q

What are both DNA + RNA joined together by?

A

Phosphodiester bonds

18
Q

What is primary structure?

A

Linear sequence of nucleotides

19
Q

What is secondary structure?

A

Base pairing of complementary nucleotides
DNA= double stranded
RNA = single stranded

20
Q

What is base stacking?

A

Hydrophobic interactions + Van Der Waal forces

21
Q

What are DNA helices stabilised?

A

Stacking of base pairs

22
Q

What are the different type of DNA?

A

B DNA
A DNA
Z DNA

23
Q

How many H bonds does A-T have?

A

2

24
Q

How many H bonds does G-C have?

A

3

25
Q

Why is it a helix?

A

Hydrophilic of nucleotide face outwards
Hydrophobic bases form middle
Space between base pairs then twist to stop PO4 3- repulsion

26
Q

Why do the spaces between bases collapse?

A

Stop H2O from getting in

Pharmacology (40 decks)

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