Rating scales and cognition tests Flashcards
Standard screening assessment for dementia developed in 1976 by Folstein
MMSE
Number of points on an MMSE
30
Years of formal education at which the cut-off for abnormal MMSE is reduced
9
Normal cut-off for an MMSE
23-24
Issues the MMSE is insensitive to
Early decline
Change
Types of tasks in the MMSE
Orientation Registration and recall Attention Multistep command Naming Repetition language Reading comprehension Writing Visual construction
Abilities tested in a clock drawing task
Verbal comprehension
Short term working memory
Spatial awareness
Executive function
Points given in the 7 scores screening method for clock drawing
The clock is divided into four quadrants
In the first three quadrants if any errors are present a score of 1 is given
In the fourth quadrant if any errors are present a score of 4 is given
Maximum score is 7
Six cognitive domains tested in the ACE
Orientation Attention Memory Verbal fluency Language Visuospatial ability
Cut-off for an intermediate ACE score
88
Cut-off for an abnormal ACE score
82
Sensitivity for an ACE score of 88
1.00
Specificity for an ACE score of 88
0.96
Sensitivity for an ACE score of 82
0.93
Specificity for an ACE score of 82
1.00
Tests for parietal lobe function
Stereognosis
Finger agnosia
Right left orientation
Two point discrimination
The ability to perceive the form of an object by touch in the absence of other sensory information
Stereognosis
Cognitive domain tested by serial sevens
Concentration
Cognitive domain tested by the intersecting polygons test
Constructional praxis
Most helpful orientation test
Time
Part of orientation not known by many people without memory issues
Exact date
All-purpose screening tool used in epidemiological studies, developed by Goldberg
General health questionnaire
Number of items in the most widely used general health questionnaire
28
Total possible score on a 28 item general health questionnaire
84
Clinician administered interview schedule used in the National Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys of Great Britain, aims to identify common psychiatric disorders and focuses on neurotic conditions
Clinical Interview Schedule
Exists as both a 58 item self-report version and a 25 item objective version; measures neurotic symptoms in outpatient groups
Hopkins Symptom Check List
Developed by Spitzer on the basis of the DSM III. Self-report scale that aims to diagnose common neurotic conditions in primary care.
Patient Health Questionnaire
Derivative of the patient health questionnaire that focuses on the 9 depression criteria in DSM IV
PHQ-9
Derivative of the patient health questionnaire that focuses on symptoms of anxiety
GAD-7
Derivative of the patient health questionnaire that focuses on symptoms of depression including somatic symptoms
PHQ-15
Cut-offs in the PHQ-9
0-4 normal 5-9 mild depression 10-14 moderate depression 15-19 moderately severe depression 20-27 severe depression
Clinician administered semi-structured interview that generates clinical diagnoses along the ICD framework
Present state examination
Developed by Wing, has replaced the PSE. Semi-structured interview that focuses on adult psychopathology
Schedule for assessment in neuropsychiatry
Semi-structured clinical interview used to diagnose patients where the is a psychiatric diagnosis suspected. In line with DSM criteria. Arguably the most reliable instrument for psychiatric diagnoses.
Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV
Questions asked in the two question scale for depression
- Over the past two weeks, have you ever felt down, depressed, or hopeless
- Have you felt little interest or pleasure in doing things?
Number of items in the Hamilton depression rating scale
17-21
Focus of the Hamilton depression rating scale
Physical symptoms
Severity of depression (not a screening tool)
Number of items in the Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale
10
Focus of the MADRS
Sensitive to change
Specific clinical use for the MADRS
Before and after ECT to monitor change
Number of items in the Beck depression inventory
21
Maximum score on the Beck depression inventory
63
Self-rated depression scales
Beck's depression inventory Zung depression inventory Geriatric depression scale Hospital anxiety depression scale Edinburgh postnatal major depression scale
Observer rated/clinician administered depression scales
Hamilton depression rating scale
MADRS
Cornell scale for depression in dementia
Cut-offs for Beck depression inventory
0-13 normal
14-19 mild
20-28 moderate
>28 severe
Disadvantage of Beck depression inventory
Lacks discrimination among the very ill
Focus of Beck depression inventory
Psychological rather than somatic features
Number of items in Zung depression inventory
20
Minimum and maximum scores on Zung depression inventory
25-100
Advantage to Zung depression inventory
Lacks bias towards psychological symptoms seen in Beck depression inventory
Disadvantages to Zung depression inventory
Poor correlation with observer rating
Insensitive to change
Depression scale where the patient places their state of mind along a 10cm line
Visual analogue scale
Minimum age the Beck depression inventory can be used for
14
Age range for the Reynolds child depression scale
8-12
Age range for the Reynolds adolescent depression scale
13-18
Depression scale specifically developed for post-natal depression
Edinburgh post-natal depression scale
Number of items in the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale
10
Depression scale specifically designed for use in the older adult population
Geriatric depression scale
Differences in the geriatric depression scale compared to other similar scales
Fewer somatic questions
Only requires yes or no answers
Only looks at the past week
Depression scale specifically designed for use by patients with dementia
Cornell scale for depression in dementia
Person who answers questions in the Cornell scale for depression in dementia
The patient’s primary caregiver
Depression scale specifically designed for use in a hospital ward with the aim to avoid patients’ answers being overheard
Brief assessment schedule depression cards
Way of answering the brief assessment schedule depression cards questions
Choosing answers from a deck of cards
Depression scale specifically designed for patients with schizophrenia
Calgary depression scale for schizophrenia
Questions on CAGE alcohol questionnaire
- Have you ever felt like cutting down on your drinking?
- Have people annoyed or criticised you for drinking?
- Have you ever felt guilty about your drinking?
- Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning as an eye opener?
Score in CAGE questionnaire highly suggestive of problem drinking
2
Number of items in the AUDIT alcohol questionnaire
10
Score in AUDIT alcohol questionnaire suggestive of harmful drinking
8
Score in AUDIT questionnaire indicative of alcohol dependency
13 in women
15 in men
Number of items in the Michigan alcohol screening test
25
Score on MAST alcohol questionnaire highly suggestive of problem drinking
6
Alcohol questionnaire which includes a specific variant for older people
MAST
Scores used by clinicians to rate the severity of alcohol withdrawal in a patient
CIWA
GMAWS
SAWS
Total possible score on CIWA
67
Symptoms covered on CIWA
Nausea Tremor Sweating Anxiety Agitation Hallucinations Headache Orientation
Scale used to measure aggression and conduct problems in children aged 7-17
The child and adolescent functional assessment scale
Scale completed by clinical staff used to measure aggression and conduct problems in children aged 7-17
The child and adolescent functional assessment scale
Checklist completed by parents or other adults who know a child well which measures behaviour in children aged 4-16
The child behaviour checklist
Number of items in the child behaviour checklist
113
Three different scores given in the child behaviour checklist
Total score
Internalising behaviours score
Externalising behaviours score
Examples of internalising behaviours in the child behaviour checklist
Fearful
Shy
Anxious
Inhibited
Examples of externalising behaviours in the child behaviour checklist
Aggressive
Antisocial
Under controlled
Age ranges for the two versions of the child behaviour checklist
1.5-5
6-18
Schedule designed for children as a fully structured interview to make DSM diagnoses
Diagnostic interview schedule for children
Rating scales used to measure child psychopathology, most often used in ADHD diagnoses
Conners rating scales
Schedule used to measure a variety of psychopathologies in older adults
Geriatric mental state schedule
Area of deficiency the MMSE is poor at picking up
Frontal lobe
Number of points in the AMT
10
Questions in the AMT
Age Time Address which is learned and recalled at the end of the test Year Current location Identification of two people e.g. nurse, doctor DOB Year of the end of WWI Name of Monarch Count backwards from 20
Normal cut-off for an abnormal AMT
7/8
Cognitive test which is the gold standard for measuring change in cognitive function in trials of anti-dementia drugs
Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale
Scales looking at behavioural changes in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
BEHAVE-AD
Neuropsychiatric inventory
MOUSEPAD
Scale intended to assess the level of disability and level of care required for an elderly patient
Clifton assessment procedure for the elderly
Four domains measured in the Clifton assessment procedure for the elderly
Physical disability
Apathy
Communication difficulties
Social disturbance
Care-giver rated scale looking at activities of daily living in patients with dementia
Bristol activities of daily living scale
Scale looking at positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia
Positive and negative symptoms scale
Number of items in the PANSS
30
Scale looking at severity of symptoms in patients with diagnosed OCD
Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale
Questions in the SCOFF questionnaire for eating disorders
- Do you ever make yourself sick when you are uncomfortably full?
- Do you worry you have lost control over how much you eat?
- Have you recently lost more than 14 pounds in 3 months?
- Do you believe you are fat when others say you are thin?
- Would you say food dominates your life?
Number of positive answers to be significant in SCOFF questionnaire
2
Semi-structured interview which produces ICD-10 personality disorder diagnoses
International personality disorder examination
Scale used for the clinical global improvement scale
1-7
Two domains covered in the clinical global improvement scale
Current severity
Improvement
Number of items in the brief psychiatric rating scale
18-24
Maximum number of points in the brief psychiatric rating scale
108
Five factors measured in the brief psychiatric rating scale
Hostility-suspiciousness Withdrawal-retardation Thinking disturbance Depression-anxiety Activation
Number of items in the scale for assessment of positive symptoms used in patients with schizophrenia
34
Domains covered in the scale for assessment of positive symptoms
Hallucinations
Delusions
Bizarre behaviour
Formal thought disorder
Number of items in the scale for assessment of negative symptoms used in patients with schizophrenia
25
Domains covered in the scale for assessment of negative symptoms
Affective flattening Alogia Apathy Asociality Inattention
Self-reported scale assessing the 12 personality disorders covered in DSM IV
Personality diagnostic questionnaire 4+
Projective personality tests
Rorschach inkblot
Thematic apperception test
Draw-a-person test
Sentence completion tests
Objective personality tests
Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
Sixteen personality factor questionnaire
NEO personality inventory
Esyenck personality test
Projective personality test where someone is shown a series of picture cards showing ambiguous situations and they have to tell the story of what the card is showing
Thematic apperception test
Measure of overall functioning of a patient used as axis V of DSM IV
Global assessment of functioning
Maximum number of points on the global assessment of functioning
100
Eight domains covered in the short form health survey 36
- Limitations in physical activities due to ill health
- Limitations in social activities because of physical or emotional problems
- Limitations in role performance due to physical health problems
- Bodily pain
- General mental distress or wellbeing
- Limitations in role performance because of emotional problems
- Vitality
- General health perceptions
Scale which was commissioned by the department of health in 1993 widely used within the NHS to influence policymaking
Health of the nation outcome scale
Domain tested by the digit span test
Attention
Domain tested by the trails A test
Attention
Domain tested in the Boston naming test
Language
Domain tested in the verbal fluency test
Language
Domain tested in the Wechsler memory scale
Memory
Domain tested in the Ray auditory verbal learning test
Memory
Domain tested in the Ray-Osterreith complex figure test
Visuospatial skills
Memory
Domain tested in the Wisconsin card sort test
Executive function
Domain tested in the Stroop test
Executive function
Domain tested in the Trails B test
Executive function
Domain tested in the Wechsler adult intelligence test
Intelligence
Domain tested in the National adult reading test
Intelligence
Domain tested in the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale
Intelligence
Non-verbal test of intelligence
Raven’s progressive matrices
Ages the Wechsler adult intelligence scale can be used for
16-90
Four indexes measured in the Wechsler adult intelligence scale
Verbal comprehension
Perceptual reasoning
Working memory
Processing speed
Intelligence test which focuses on pre-morbid intelligence
National adult reading test
Scale which monitors how prone a participant is to suggestibility in the form of misleading questions
Gudjonsson suggestibility scale
Domain tested in the Tower of London test
Attention
Battery of tests used to measure the condition and functioning of the brain after brain injury
Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological battery
Neuropsychological test where the participant is presented with a board with pegs and different sized beads, and given problem solving tasks
Tower of London test
Test where the participant is given a list of colours which are written in mismatched colours to what they say. They have to read aloud first the colours written and then the colours in which the words are written
Stroop test
Test in which a participant is given a sheet with numbers spread across the page and must join the numbers in ascending order
Trails A test
Test in which a participant is given a sheet with both numbers and letters spread across the page and must join the numbers and letters in ascending order going number-letter-number-letter
Trails B test
Domain tested in line crossing and letter cancellation tests
Visual inattention
Property of a measurement scale which describes how close to the truth it measures
Validity
Property of a measurement scale which describes how consistent its results are
Reliability
Assessment of reliability of a test where the same test is administered to the same population after a period of time
Test-retest correlation
Usual time used in psychiatry tests for test-retest correlation
2-14 days
Measurement of internal reliability of a test which provides a number between 0-1 where a number closer to 1 suggests better internal consistency of a test
Cronbach’s alpha
Commonly used cut-off in Cronbach’s alpha to call a test internally consistent
0.7
Measure of reliability where a test is split into two halves and the correlation between the two halves is measured
Split-half reliability
Measure of reliability of a test where multiple people administer the test to the same populatio and the closeness of the scores is measured
Interrater reliability
Measure of validity which refers to a subjective assessment of a test’s validity
Face validity
Measure of validity which refers to the genuine validity of whether a test measures what it aims to measure
Construct validity
Measure of validity which refers to whether the contents of a test cover well the objectives it aims to meaure
Content validity
Measure of validity which looks at the ability of a test to measure other outcomes e.g. a test looking at insomnia may have high validity at measuring fatigue but low validity at measuring aggression
Concurrent validity
Measure of validity which looks at a test’s ability to measure future differences according to current group differences e.g. whether a test which measures birth weight in infants also has any validity in measuring obesity in those adults
Predictive validity
Measure of validity which looks at a test’s ability to measure future differences according to current group differences over and above other measures
Incremental validity
Measure of validity which looks at the level of agreement between two tests which aim to measure the same outcome e.g. whether the Zung depression inventory and the Beck depression inventory produce similar results
Convergent validity
Measure of validity which looks at the degree of disagreement between two scales that aim to measure different things - should have a poor correlation e.g. the the Hamilton depression rating scale and the Hamilton anxiety scale should not give the same results (unless it is assumed all patients with depression also have anxiety and vice versa)
Discriminant validity
Measure of validity which looks at how sensitive a test is to change following an intervention
Experimental validity
The degree to which the mean of a test varies with repeated sampling
Precision
The degree to which the mean value in a test correlates to the true population value
Accuracy
The likelihood that harm will occur
Risk
Type of risk factors which are unmodifiable and historical
Static risk factors
Type of risk factors which are long-term and enduring, but modifiable to some extent
Stable
Type of risk factors which are fluctuant and modifiable
Dynamic
Approach to risk management where a clinician’s subjective judgement is used to estimate risk
Clinical approach
Approach to risk management where an algorithmic and objective procedure is used to quantify risk as a numerical probability
Actuarial approach
Approach to risk management where the evidence base for risk factors is combined with individual clinical assessment
Structured professional judgement
Items included in the HCR-20 risk assessment tool
10 historical items e.g. substance use and employment issues
5 clinical items e.g. lack of insight and current symptoms
5 risk management items e.g. lack of personal support, exposure to destabilisers like recreational drugs
Risk assessment guide used in the assessment of spousal assault
SARA
Risk assessment tools used for assessing violent risk in sex offenders
SVR-20
SARN
Risk assessment tool which uses major factors arranged in a mnemonic to assess immediate suicidal risk in a general hospital setting
SAD PERSONS score
Risk assessment tool which focuses on pessimism and negativity about the future
Beck hopelessness scale
Self-report risk assessment tool which assesses thought, intent and plan for suicide with a total score ranging from 0-48
Beck scale for suicidal ideation
Scale to diagnose psychopathy which informs risk assessment with a cut-off score of 25 used to diagnose psychopathy
PCL-R
Risk assessment tool using historical factors to appraise risk and uses the PCL-R as part of the scale
Violence risk appraisal guide
Domain measured by the Simpson Angus rating scale
Extrapyramidal symptoms
11 item questionnaire used to assess manic symptoms
Young mania rating scale
Gold standard test for adult intelligence
Wechsler adult intelligence scale
Domain measured by the LUNSERS scale
Side effects of neuroleptic medication, including extrapyramidal side effects, autonomic side effects and anti-cholinergic side effects
Domain measured by the AIMS scale
Severity of involuntary movements in patients taking neuroleptic medications, especially tardive dyskinesia
Domain measured by the thought and language index
Formal thought disorder
Psychiatric rating schedule which includes a mental state examination
PSE
Score above which pharmacological treatment is required in the short alcohol withdrawal scale
12
Clinical use of the Hamilton depression rating scale
Measure severity of existing depression (rather than to screen for depression)
Manic symptom which is not tested for in the young mania rating scale
Psychotic symptoms
Screening tools used for personality disorders
Standardised assessment of personality abbreviated scale
Five factor model rating form
International personality disorder examination screen
Personality diagnostic questionnaire revised
Iowa personality disorder screen
IIP personality disorder scales
Rating scale abbreviated to SAPAS
Standardised assessment of personality abbreviated scale
Rating scale abbreviated to FFMRF
Five factor model rating form
Rating scale abbreviated to IPDE
International personality disorder examination screen
Rating scale abbreviated to PDQ-R
Personality diagnostic questionnaire - revised
Rating scale abbreviated to IPDS
Iowa personality disorder screen
Rating scale abbreviated to BDI
Beck depression inventory
Rating scale abbreviated to GHQ
General health questionnaire
Rating scale abbreviated to GDS
Geriatric depression scale
Rating scale abbreviated to ZSRDS
Zung self rated depression scale
Rating scale abbreviated to HAD
Hospital anxiety depression scale
Rating scale abbreviated to EPDS
Edinburgh postnatal major depression scale
Rating scale abbreviated to BPRS
Brief psychiatric rating scale
Rating scale abbreviated to MADRS
Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale
Rating scale abbreviated to HAMD
Hamilton depression rating scale
Rating scale abbreviated to HAMA
Hamilton anxiety rating scale
Rating scale abbreviated to PANSS
Positive and negative symptoms scale
Rating scale abbreviated to CGI
Clinical global impression
Rating scale abbreviated to AIMS
Abnormal involuntary movement scale
Rating scale abbreviated to Y-BOCS
Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale
Rating scale abbreviated to YMRS
Young mania rating scale
Rating scale abbreviated to GAF
Global assessment of functioning
Rating scale abbreviated to SAS
Simpson Angus scale
Rating scale abbreviated to CAMDEX
Cambridge mental disorders of the elderly examination
Rating scale abbreviated to BASDEC
Brief assessment schedule depression cards
Rating scale abbreviated to DESS
Discontinuation emergent signs and symptoms
Rating scale used to look for discontinuation symptoms associated with stopping antidepressants
Discontinuation emergent signs and symptoms scale
Standard number of items in the brief psychiatric rating scale
18
Score suggestive of being markedly ill in the 18 item brief psychiatric rating scale
53
Scale of severity used in the brief psychiatric rating scale
1-7 (higher scores suggesting more severe illness)
Score suggestive of being mildly ill in the 18 item brief psychiatric rating scale
31
Maximum score in the AUDIT questionnaire
40
Number of items in the fast alcohol screening test
4
Maximum score in the fast alcohol screening test
16
Score for hazardous drinking in the fast alcohol screening test
3
Answers to the first question of the fast alcohol screening test which can immediately categorise a patient
Never - not misusing alcohol
Weekly (or more often) - hazardous, harmful or dependent drinking
Question asked in the single alcohol screening questionnaire
When was the last time you had more than 8/6 (for men/women) alcoholic drinks in one day
Answer in the single alcohol screening questionnaire suggestive of harmful or hazardous drinking
Within the last 3 months
Categories in the RAPS4 alcohol screening tool
Remorse
Amnesia
Performance (i.e. performance has been affected by alcohol)
Starter drinker behaviour (i.e. drink first thing in the morning)
Answer suggestive of harmful drinking in the RAPS4 alcohol screening questionnaire
Yes to at least one question
Common questionnaires screening for harmful drinking
AUDIT
CAGE
FAST
SASQ (single alcohol screening questionnaire)
MAST (Michigan alcoholism screening test)
RAPS4
Number of red herring items included in LUNSERS rating scale
10
Scale used to identify psychiatric ‘caseness’ in a population
General health questionnaire
Self-rated depression scale which asks 10 positively worded and 10 negatively worded questions
Zung self rated depression scale
Cut off for severe depression in Zung self rated depression scale
70
Area of cognition tested by serial sevens
Attention
Global functional assessment scale suggested to be used in DSM V
WHO disability assessment schedule
Cognitive domain tested by the Hayling and Brixton tests
Executive function
Cognitive domain tested in the luria test
Set shifting
Frontal assessment tests which test for abstraction
Proverbs
Similarities
Cognitive estimates
Rating measure abbreviated to NPI-C
Neuropsychiatric inventory - clinician
Clinical use for NPI
Assesses neuropsychiatric symptoms present in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s
Aspects of the Wechsler adult intelligence scale which aim to be resistant to brain injury/damage
Vocabulary
Picture completion
Object assembly
Information
Type of neuropsychological testing which is thought to be largely resistant to cognitive decline
Hold tests
Scale used to measure improvement among patients with PTSD and substance misuse over time
Impact of events scale
Screening tool used to assess an individual’s ability to carry out activities of daily living and social and occupational abilities where each item is rated as whether the individual facilitates, allows, inhibits or restricts participation
Model of human occupation screening tool
Computer programme for processing data and generating a diagnosis from schedules of clinical assessment
CATEGO
Needs based assessment for the severely mentally ill
Camberwell assessment of need
Number of tests included in the Halstead-Reitan battery
10
Battery of tests the critical flicker frequency test is found in
Halstead-Reitan battery
Ages the Stanford-Binet scale can be used for
2 to adulthood
Number of items in the Stanford-Binet scale
120
Test of intelligence that aims to be free from social or educational bias
Raven’s progressive matrices
10 item scale used in adults with possible autism
AQ10
Test of memory specifically designed for elderly patients and those with dementia
Kendrick object learning test
Test designed to diagnose dementia in elderly patients
CAMDEX
Collection of 12 brief tests used to screen for impairment in specific cognitive functions in the elderly
Middlesex Elderly Assessment of Mental State (MEAMS)
Visuospatial sequencing test with regular rule changes
Brixton spatial anticipation test
Test of response initiation and suppression where someone has to first complete sentences, and then complete sentences with a nonsense word, suppressing the sensible answer
Hayling sentence completion test
Most sensitive test for frontal lobe damage
Verbal fluency
Function of Conors scale
Diagnosing ADHD in children
Function of DIVA scale
Diagnosing ADHD In adults
Function of DISCO scale
Diagnosing ASD in any age
Three types of IQ given in the Wechsler adult intelligence scale III
Verbal
Performance
Full scale
Tests within the verbal IQ section of the Wechsler adult intelligence scale III
Vocabulary Similarities Information Comprehension Arithmetic Digit span Letter-number sequencing
Tests within the performance IQ section of the Wechsler adult intelligence scale III
Picture completion Block design Matrix reasoning Picture arranging Object assembly Symbol search
30 item self-report scale that measures subjective effects of antipsychotic drugs among patients with schizophrenia
Drug attitude inventory
Measure of 20 potential barriers to treatment adherence
ASK-20 adherence barrier survey
Eight item scale that measures individuals’ cost and benefit beliefs about taking medication
Brief evaluation of medication influences and beliefs
20 item interviewer-rated scale which measures adherence attitudes in psychiatric patients
Rating of medication influences
10 item scale that combines aspects of the drug attitude inventory and the medication adherence questionnaire and measures intentional and non-intentional adherence
Medication adherence rating scale
Test designed to test everyday memory; uses items such as toothbrush and hairbrush. Discriminates well between patients who have poor memory
Rivermead behavioural memory test
Memory test which explores recall, recognition and delayed memory and is noted for being enjoyable to complete
Doors and people test
Personality test which is a 344 item, Likert format test with 22 scales
Personality assessment inventory
Developed the Adjustment Inventory, to assess an individual’s adjustment to a variety of life events
Bell
Sequence in trails A test
1-2-3-4-5 etc.
Sequence in trails B test
1-A-2-B-3-C-4-D etc
Test that asks questions such as ‘how many camels are there in England?’
Cognitive estimates test
Test that gives points for pronouncing words such as drachm and superfluous correctly
National adult reading test
Psychometric test which has been used to detect personality change following a traumatic brain injury
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2
Fully structured interview that non-clinical workers can carry out which can illicit lifetime diagnoses of mental illness
Diagnostic interview scale
Standardised scale that can monitor clinical recovery from a variety of illnesses in patients treated by different teams
Health of nations outcome scale
Aspect of the Wechsler adult intelligence scale which aims to be the most resistant to brain injury
Picture completion
Type of neuropsychological testing which is thought to show early decline in cognitive impairment
No hold
Most obviously affected neuropsychological measure in patients with post concussion syndrome
Speed of processing
Elements of the Wechsler memory scale involving a short story
Participant is asked to read a short story with 25 elements
Immediate recall is tested
Delayed recall is tested after 30 minutes
