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Assessment > Approaches to classification > Flashcards

Approaches to classification Flashcards

1
Q

Approach to classification which uses precise clinical descriptions of disorders, with exclusion and inclusion criteria

A

Operationalised approach

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2
Q

Symptoms which are pertinent to a diagnosis

A

Characteristic symptoms

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3
Q

Symptoms which are necessary for a diagnosis

A

Discriminating symptoms

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4
Q

Symptoms which strongly favour one diagnosis

A

Pathognomic symptoms

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5
Q

Approach to classification where diseases are described according to their observed characteristics, not any theory of what might have caused the symptoms

A

Atheoretical approach

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6
Q

Approach which labels an individual as either meeting or not meeting the diagnostic criteria

A

Categorical approach

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7
Q

Approach which uses a continuum from high to low, along which a measurement is made

A

Dimensional approach

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8
Q

Approach to classification which is argued as having poor validity as it need to include criteria such as psychosis - not otherwise specified

A

Categorical approach

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9
Q

Approach to classification which is said to be more useful in describing emotional and cognitive states as many exist without a clear cut-off point between being ill and well

A

Dimensional approach

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10
Q

Approach to classification which has been argued as less useful as it is difficult to map to interventions to monitor response

A

Dimensional approach

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11
Q

Traditional hierarchy for mental health disorders, from top to bottom

A 
Organic disorders
Substance issues
Psychosis
Affective and neurotic disorders
Personality issues
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12
Q

The idea that if a disorder further up the hierarchy can explain the symptoms, a disorder further down should not be diagnosed

A

Hierarchical organisation

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13
Q

Example of hierarchical organisation

A

E.g. a patient with dementia who experiences visual hallucinations which started after their cognitive issues would not also be diagnosed with a psychotic disorder

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14
Q

The idea that in a hierarchical organisation disorders can manifest as disorders lower down the hierarchy but not further up

A

Non-reflexive

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15
Q

Three axes of the ICD 10

A

The mental disorder
The degree of disability
The current psychosocial problems

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16
Q

The five axes of DSM IV

A 
Clinical disorders
Personality disorders/mental retardation
General medical conditions
Psychosocial and environmental problems
Global assessment of functioning
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17
Q

Axis 1 of DSM IV

A

Clinical disorders

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18
Q

Axis 2 of DSM IV

A

Personality disorders/mental retardation

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19
Q

Axis 3 of DSM IV

A

General medical conditions

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20
Q

Axis 4 of DSM IV

A

Psychosocial and environmental problems

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21
Q

Axis 5 of DSM IV

A

Global assessment of functioning

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22
Q

Remit for the first ICD

A

Classification of causes of death

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23
Q

Letter or number designated to mental and behavioural disorders in ICD 10

A

V(five) or F

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24
Q

Four versions of ICD 10

A

Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines
Diagnostic criteria for research
Primary care version
Clinical coding manual

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25
Q

Version of ICD 10 for general clinical use, used most often by psychiatrists

A

Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines

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26
Q

Version of ICD 10 used to identify homogenous patient groups for research

A

Diagnostic criteria for research

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27
Q

Version of ICD 10 aimed towards GPs, which includes diagnostic flowcharts and treatment recommendations

A

Primary care version

28
Q

Version of ICD 10 aimed at clerical workers for easy coding

A

Clinical coding manual

29
Q

Change made for ICD 11 regarding personality disorders

A

Different personality disorders replaced with a single diagnosis of personality disorder labelled by severity and as having maladaptive personality traits

30
Q

Severity ratings for personality disorder in ICD 11

A

Mild
Moderate
Severe

31
Q

Maladaptive personality traits described within personality disorders in ICD 11

A 
Negative affectivity
Detachment
Dissociality
Disinhibition
Anankastia
Borderline pattern
32
Q

Maladaptive personality traits within personality disorders in ICD 11 which is actually a composite of the other maladaptive personality traits

A

Borderline pattern

33
Q

Type of disorder in ICD 11 which has been removed from the stress-induced disorders section and given its own section

A

Dissociative disorders

34
Q

Type of disorder in ICD 11 which has been removed from the anxiety disorders section and given its own section

A

Obsessive compulsive or related disorders

35
Q

Type of disorder in ICD 11 which has been removed from the ‘other disorders of adult personality and behaviour’ section and given its own section

A

Factitious disorders

36
Q

Changes to gender identity disorders in ICD 11

A

Moved from mental and behavioural disorders to conditions related to sexual health
Transsexualism and transvestitism removed
Gender identity disorder changed to gender incongruence

37
Q

New diagnostic category in ICD 11 characterised by psychomotor disturbance, and no longer classed as a subgroup of schizophrenia

A

Catatonia

38
Q

New diagnostic category in ICD 11 characterised by at least one hypomanic episode and at least one depressive episode, but not requiring a manic episode

A

Bipolar II

39
Q

New diagnostic category in ICD 11 characterised by a persistent preoccupation with a perceived bodily flaw, no longer in the hypochondriacal disorder section

A

Body dysmorphic disorder

40
Q

New diagnostic category in ICD 11 characterised by belief that one is emitting a foul smell, contained within the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders grouping

A

Olfactory reference disorder

41
Q

New diagnostic category in ICD 11 and DSM V characterised by accumulation of possessions regardless of their actual value

A

Hoarding disorder

42
Q

New diagnostic category in ICD 11 and DSM V characterised by recurrent picking of skin, no longer within the diseases of skin section

A

Excoriation disorder

43
Q

New diagnostic category in ICD 11 characterised by disturbances in affect regulation, self-esteem and relationships following exposure to a threatening or horrific event, in addition to the core features of PTSD

A

Complex PTSD

44
Q

New diagnostic category in ICD 11 characterised by an abnormally persistent and disabling response to bereavement

A

Prolonged grief disorder

45
Q

New diagnostic category in ICD 11 characterised by frequent binges of food without regular inappropriate compensatory behaviours aimed at preventing weight gain

A

Binge eating disorder

46
Q

New diagnostic category in ICD 11 characterised by abnormal feeding patterns resulting in a lack of ability to meet energy or nutritional requirements, but not meeting criteria for anorexia nervosa

A

Avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder

47
Q

New diagnostic category in ICD 11 and DSM V characterised by mood, somatic or cognitive symptoms occuring several days before the onset of menses

A

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

48
Q

Disorder which lost its subtypes for ICD 11 and DSM V such as simple, catatonic, hebephrenic

A

Schizophrenia

49
Q

New diagnostic category in ICD 11 characterised by persistent or recurrent gaming activity, controversial for its potential to pathologise gaming activity

A

Gaming disorder

50
Q

New diagnostic category in ICD 11 characterised by failure to control intense sexual impulses, controversial for its potential to pathologise normal sexual behaviours

A

Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder

51
Q

Changes to multiaxial system for DSM V

A

Removal of personality disorders and medical conditions leaving three axes

52
Q

Delusion type removed from DSM V

A

Bizarre

53
Q

Mood disorders merged for DSM V

A

Dysthymia and chronic depression

54
Q

Changes to ASD in DSM V

A

Asperger’s syndrome removed and merged with autism as ASD

55
Q

New diagnostic category in ICD 11 characterised by the desire to become physically disabled in a significant way

A

Body integrity dysphoria

56
Q

Movement of elective mutism from ICD 10 to ICD 11 - also renamed to selective mutism

A

Moved from disorders of social functioning with onset specific to childhood and adolescence, to anxiety or fear-related disorders

57
Q

Practitioners DSM is aimed at

A

Psychiatrists

58
Q

Practitioners ICD is aimed at

A

All practitioners

59
Q

Edition of ICD which removed homosexuality as a mental illness

A

ICD10

60
Q

Main ways to improve reliability of psychiatric diagnoses

A

Use semi-structured or standardised interviews
Define all the items of psychopathology covered in an interview
Use an operationalised system for diagnosis to ensure any given combination of symptoms leads to the same diagnosis

61
Q

Definition of prevalence of a disease

A

Number of cases present within a defined population

62
Q

Definition of incidence of a disease

A

Number of new cases arising in a population in a specified period of time, usually a year

63
Q

Three axes of ICD 10

A

Mental disorder
Degree of disability
Current psychosocial problems

64
Q

Axis 1 of ICD 10

A

Mental disorder including personality disorder and intellectual disability

65
Q

Axis 2 of ICD 10

A

Degree of disability

66
Q

Axis 3 of ICD 10

A

Current psychosocial problems

67
Q

First classification system to include separate categories for mental disorders

A

ICD 6

Assessment (22 decks)

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