Memory disorders

Question 1

Descriptive term used where depression in elderly patients can present as a dementia clinically

Answer 1

Depressive pseudodementia

Question 2

Features of depressive pseudodementia as opposed to depression

Answer 2

Precise onset
Medical help sought sooner
Patient actively concerned about cognitive impairment
Lack of effort on testing
Memory loss for more remote events more severe than recent events
Rapid progression of symptoms

Question 3

5 As seen in Alzheimer’s dementia

Answer 3

Amnesia
Aphasia
Agnosia
Apraxia
Associated symptoms - behavioural changes, delusions, hallucinations

Question 4

Type of dementia characterised by Parkinsonism, fluctuating cognition, well-formed visual hallucinations and cognitive decline

Answer 4

Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Question 5

Length of time Parkinsonian symptoms need to have been present before dementia develops for a diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease dementia to be given rather than Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Answer 5

12 months

Question 6

Type of dementia characterised by early loss of social awareness, emotional blunting, disinhibition, perseveration, reduced speech and affective symptoms

Answer 6

Fronto-temporal dementia

Question 7

Type of dementia characterised by a stepwise deterioration, fluctuating cognitive changes, and signs, symptoms or imaging suggestive of vascular disease

Answer 7

Vascular dementia

Question 8

Timing of onset and progression of fronto-temporal dementia

Answer 8

Insidious onset and gradual progression

Question 9

Most likely diagnosis in the event of deterioration in patients with mild cognitive impairment

Answer 9

Alzheimer’s dementia

Question 10

Time frame for most cases of delirium to recover

Answer 10

4 weeks

Question 11

Medical conditions that can cause delirium of long duration

Answer 11

Carcinoma

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

Question 12

Strongest treatable risk factor for vascular dementia

Answer 12

Hypertension

Question 13

Alternative name for mild cognitive impairment

Answer 13

Benign senescent forgetfulness

Question 14

Condition characterised by mild issues with cognition and memory, worse than would be expected for their age but not severe enough to cause significant functional issues

Answer 14

Mild cognitive impairment

Question 15

Percentage of people with mild cognitive impairment who develop dementia within 5 years

Answer 15

50%

Question 16

Condition characterised by sudden onset isolated anterograde amnesia which lasts <24 hours - patient appears disorientated and bewildered but personal identity is retained

Answer 16

Transient global amnesia

Question 17

Male to female ratio of frontotemporal lobe degeneration

Answer 17

1:1

Question 18

Requirement to notify the DVLA following a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment

Answer 18

Not required

Question 19

Requirement to notify the DVLA following a diagnosis of dementia

Answer 19

Required

Question 20

Prevalence of dementia in people aged 65-69

Answer 20

1.5%

Question 21

Prevalence of dementia in people aged 70-74

Answer 21

3.5%

Question 22

Prevalence of dementia in people aged 75-79

Answer 22

6.8%

Question 23

Prevalence of dementia in people aged 80-84

Answer 23

13.6%

Question 24

Prevalence of dementia in people aged 85-89

Answer 24

22%

Question 25

Prevalence of dementia in people aged 90-94

Answer 25

32%

Question 26

Prevalence of dementia in people aged >95

Answer 26

45%

Question 27

Most common form of dementia

Answer 27

Alzheimer’s dementia

Question 28

Second most common form of dementia

Answer 28

Vascular dementia