Disorders of adult personality and behaviour Flashcards
Age below which a personality disorder should not be diagnosed in ICD 10 - definitive cut off removed for ICD 11
16 or 17
Classification system which groups personality disorders into three clusters
DSM
Cluster A personality disorders
Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal (grouped within schizophrenia section in ICD)
Cluster B personality disorders
Antisocial (dissocial in ICD 10)
Borderline (emotionally unstable in ICD 10)
Histrionic
Narcissistic (not in ICD 10)
Cluster C personality disorders
Avoidant (anxious avoidant in ICD 10)
Dependent
Obsessive-compulsive (anankastic in ICD 10)
Features of paranoid personality disorder
Suspicion of other people Longstanding grudges Emotional detachment Belief that other people are untrustworthy, deceiving etc. Increased sensitivity to criticism
Features of schizoid personality disorder
Difficulty expressing emotions Prefer to be alone Aloof Difficulty maintaining social relationships Unaware of social trends Unresponsive to praise or criticism
Features of schizotypal personality disorder
Odd or eccentric Magical thinking Obsessions Transient psychotic features May believe in ESP, fortune telling etc.
Features of antisocial personality disorder
Lack of regard for other people
Lack of remorse for actions that hurt others
Disregard for social norms or the law
Make relationships easily but not longlasting
Features of borderline personality disorder
Poor self-image
Unstable personal relationships
Impulsive behaviours including around personal safety
Thoughts or actions of self harm and suicide
Mood instability
Fears of abandonment
Episodes of micro-psychosis
Features of histrionic personality disorder
Extreme and over-dramatic behaviour Demanding of relationships Attention seeking Sexually inappropriate Shallow emotions
Features of narcissistic personality disorder
Self centred with an exaggerated sense of own self importance
Intolerant of other people
Grandiose plans and ideas
Cravings for attention
Features of avoidant personality disorder
Discomfort in social settings Fears being judged negatively Socially withdrawn Low self-esteem Crave attention but fear of rejection overwhelming
Features of dependent personality disorder
Passive
Allow others to assume responsibility for their life
Lack self confidence
Unable to function without another person
Own needs are of secondary importance
Features of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Perfectionist
Unable to express warm and tender emotions
Unable to see things from others’ point of view
Rigid attention to detail
Unable to delegate tasks
Parsimony - unwillingness to spend money
ICD 10 equivalent to schizotypal personality disorder
None - classed within schizophrenia group
ICD 10 equivalent to antisocial personality disorder
Dissocial personality disorder
ICD 10 equivalent to borderline personality disorder
Emotionally unstable personality disorder
ICD 10 equivalent to narcissistic personality disorder
None - mentioned in other personality disorders category
ICD 10 equivalent to avoidant personality disorder
Anxious avoidant personality disorder
ICD 10 equivalent to obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Anankastic personality disorder
Impulse control disorders specified in ICD 11
Pyromania Kleptomania Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder Intermittent explosive disorder Substance-induced impulse control disorders Gambling disorder Gaming disorder
Gender identity disorders recognised in ICD 10
Transsexualism
Dual role transvestism
Gender identity disorders of childhood
Gender identity disorders recognised in ICD 11
Gender incongruence
The feeling of incongruence between someone’s gender identity and their phenotypic appearance
Gender dysphoria
Time frame required for a diagnosis of transsexualism in ICD 10
2 years
Paraphilia where enemas are used to achieve sexual arousal
Klismaphilia
Paraphilia where dead bodies or other death related objects are used to achieve sexual arousal
Necrophilia
Paraphilia where the genitals are exposed to achieve sexual arousal
Exhibitionism
Paraphilia where inanimate objects are used to achieve sexual arousal
Fetishism
Paraphilia involving a pattern of sexual arousal +/- behaviours involving pre-pubertal children
Paedophilia
Paraphilia involving a pattern of sexual arousal +/- behaviours involving the infliction of physical or psychological pain on a non-consenting person
Sadism
Paraphilia involving the real (not simulated) act of being humiliated or physically hurt to achieve arousal
Masochism
Symptom found by the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study to improve over 2 years with or without treatment in patients with borderline personality disorder
Self-harm
Predominant features of borderline type of EUPD described in ICD 10
Chronic feeling of emptiness
Disturbed self-image
Tendency to become involved in unstable and intense relationships
Series of suicidal or self harm acts
Predominant features of impulsive type of EUPD described in ICD 10
Outbursts of violence or threatening behaviour
Emotional instability
Lack of impulse control
Two subtypes of EUPD described in ICD 10
Impulsive
Borderline
Type of personality disorder in DSM V which cannot be diagnosed before the age of 18
Antisocial
Personality disorders which tend to become less evident with age
Borderline
Antisocial
Prevalence of personality disorder in the UK
4.4%
Most common personality disorder
Anankastic
Most common personality disorder cluster within DSM categorisation
Cluster C
Name given where there are multiple different disorders of sexual preference - most common combination is fetishism, transvestism and sadomasochism
Polymorphously perverse sexual preference
Most common type of mental illness among prisoners
Personality disorder
Long term rate of completed suicide in patients with borderline personality disorder
10%
Prevalence of antisocial personality disorder among the general population in the UK
0.6-3%
Male to female ratio affected by antisocial personality disorder
6:1
