Random cancer facts Flashcards
Marginal zone lymphoma - which autoimmune diseases?
The marginal zone in the lymph node is associated with chronic autoimmune disease. H pylori MALToma Sjorgen’s - unilateral parotid enlargement Hashimoto’s - Hurthle giant cells
Small round blue cell tumors?
Ewing’s (t11;22) Rhabdomyosarcoma Wilms Tumor SCLC Neuro/medulloblastoma
Ewing’s sarcoma translocation? Location in bone?
t(11;22), small round blue cell tumor, diaphysis
Tumor marker for melanoma?
S-100
S-100 tumor marker?
Neural crest cell marker. Melanoma, Neurofibroma, Schwannoma.
Rhabdomyosarcoma cells: histology, immunohistochemistry
Rhabdomyoblasts: small round blue cells, cytoplasmic cross striations. Desmin and myogenin.
HPV: high risk subtypes and pro-oncogenic proteins
HPV 16, 18, 31, 33. E6 suppresses p53. E7 suppresses Rb.
Tumors associated with Psammoma bodies?
- Papillary thyroid cancer
- Papillary serous carcinoma of endometrium or ovary
- Meningioma (whorled spindle cells)
- Mesothelioma (gross: plaques)
Tumors with hematogenous spread?
“Hematogenous Spreading Cancers Reign Foolishly”:
- Choriocarcinoma (chorion seeks out and invades vessels!)
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Renal (clear) cell carcinoma
- Follicular thyroid carcinoma
- Sarcomas
Sex cord stromal tumors. Which one has a histologic correlate?
- Granulosa/theca cell tumors - hyperestrogen
- Sertoli/leydig cell tumors - Reinke crystals
What is Meigs syndrome?
Ovarian fibroma with pleural effusion and ascites.
Cool story bro: hard tumor irritates peritoneum, causing secretion.
Breast ca: invasive ductal carcinoma signs, subtypes
- Mass, calcifications, desmoplastic response, no myoepithelium
- Subtypes:
- Medullary carcinoma:
- lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate
- BRCA1-associated
- Mucinous carcinoma
- cells floating in a pool of mucus
- Tubular carcinoma
- well-differentiated glands (like sclerosing adenosis), but
- desmoplastic response, lacks myoepithelium
- Inflammatory carcinoma - clinicopathologic
- Clinical: breast inflammation, no mass.
- Pathologic: dermal lymphatic invasion. Peau d’orange.
- Medullary carcinoma:
What two breast conditions can cause retraction of the nipple?
- Involvement of cooper’s ligament in invasive ductal carcinoma
- Periductal mastitis - smokers, relative vitamin A deficiency, granulomas.
Ddx for nipple discharge?
- Galactorrhea - nipple stimulation, prolactinoma, medications (risperidone, high potency typicals) - usually bilateral
- Mammary duct ectasia - green-brown
- Acute mastitis, inflammatory carcinoma - purulent
- Papilloma, benign or malignant - bloody
- Ductal carcinoma - invasive or in-situ
Childhood brain tumors (3) - how do you distinguish on imaging?
From most to least common:
- Pilocytic astrocytoma
- Both cystic and solid components on imaging
- Usually cerebellar, can be cerebral
- GFAP+, Rosenthal fibers
- Medulloblastoma
- Only solid components on imaging
- Always cerebellar
- Small round blue cells
- Ependymoma
- Heterogeneous masses
- Usually from floor of 4th ventricle
- Perivascular pseudorosettes
Lipoma vs Liposarcoma
Differentiate histologically. Both are slow growing masses.
Liposarcoma has “scalloping of nuclear membrane” and “nuclear indentations”.
Rhabdomyoma vs rhabdomyosarcoma?
- Rhabdomyoma
- Peds. often cardiac. Associated with tuberous sclerosis.
- Can occur on head and neck.
- Polygonal cells, vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm, peripheral nuclei
- Rhabdomyosarcoma
- Peds. Small, round blue cell tumor.
- myoD1 and myogenin
- head, neck, GU tract
Fibrosarcoma vs Desmoid tumor vs Angiosarcoma. Where, who.
- Fibrosarcoma
- anaplastic spindle cells in herringbone pattern
- hemorrhage, necrosis
- Angiosarcoma: following radiation, lymphedema (Stewart-Treves)
- CD31, factor VIII
- Desmoid tumor
- benign tumor that recurs, beta-catenin mutation
- assoc with FAP mutation - Gardner syndrome
