random bone facts

Question 1

Osteomyelitis area and seeding: children vs adults

Answer 1

Children: hematogenous spread seeds diaphysis. Adults: direct seeding of epiphysis via wound.

Question 2

Osteomyelitis bacteria (6) - who gets them?

Answer 2

Staph aureus - 90% Salmonella - sickle cell (or otherwise asplenic) Pseudomonas aeruginosa - diabetics, IV drug users N gonorrhea - sexually active Pasturella - dog/cat bite M TB - vertebral lesions

Question 3

What are the three layers of the spermatic cord? What are they continuous with?

Answer 3

External oblique - external spermatic fascia Internal oblique - cremasteric fascia Transversalis fascia - internal spermatic fascia

Question 4

Bladder/Urethral injuries in men x3

Answer 4

• Pelvic fracture
  
  • Bladder injury (extraperitoneal urine)
  • Injury to spongy urethra (btw prostate and penile bulb)
• Straddle injury
  
  • Injury to bulbar urethra
• Penis injury

Question 5

With what bone toxicities are glucocorticoids associated?

Answer 5

Avascular necrosis

Osteoporosis

Question 6

What is globus hystericus?

Answer 6

Sensation of “lump in the throat”

produced by emotions, with absent physical findings

Question 7

What is retrosternal goiter?

Answer 7

Thyroid lobes grow into thoracic outlet.

Question 8

What is most likely injured in:

Penetrating trauma to the popliteal fossa?

Displacement of the knee?

Answer 8

Penetrating trauma: popliteal nerve

Displacement: popliteal artery (it is close to the articular surfaces, and anchored by the adductor magnus and soleus muscles).

Question 9

Risk factors for osteoarthritis?

Answer 9

Age.

Question 10

What are the two first-line drugs for acute gout? How do you decide?

Answer 10

NSAIDs, and if renal dysfunction/elderly, give glucocorticoids