Chemo drugs Flashcards
Dactinomycin
DNA intercalator. Childhood tumors (Wilms, Ewing’s, rhabdomyo)
Doxorubicin, daunorubicin
Free radical generator. Solid tumors, leukemias, lymphomas. Dexrazoxane (iron chelator) used to prevent cardiotoxicity.
Bleomycin
Free radical generator. Testicular cancer, Hodgkins. Pulmonary fibrosis toxicity.
Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide. Mechanism, given with?
Nitrogen mustard crosslinking/alkylating agent. Must be activated by P450 oxidase. Given with Mesna to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis.
Nitrosoureas (*-mustine, streptozocin)
Nitrogen mustard, crosses BBB
Busulfan
Alkylating agent. Causes pulmonary fibrosis.
Vincristine, Vinblastine
Vinca alkaloids are microtubule polymerization inhibitors (M phase agents). Vincristine causes peripheral neuropathy; vinblastine blasts bone marrow.
Paclitaxel, taxols
Microtubule stabilizer. Used for ovarian and breast carcinomas.
Cisplatin, carboplatin
DNA crosslinker. Testicular, bladder, ovary, lung. Nephrotoxic; use amifostine to scavenge free radials, and chloride diuresis.
Etoposide, teniposide, irinotecan
Topo-II inhibitor. (Irinotecan is topo-I, used in colon cancer).
Hydroxyurea
Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase (S-phase agent). Used in melanoma, CML, sickle cell anemia (increases HbF).
Prednisone, prednisolone
Used in lymphomas.
Tamoxifen, raloxifene
SERMs.
Trastuzumab
HER2/neu positive br ca. Cardiotoxic.
Imatinib
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used in CML [t9;22] and GIST [c-KIT, PDGFR]. Causes fluid retention.
