random biochem facts Flashcards
What histone subunits are in the nucleosome core, and which is outside?
2 x (H2A, H2B, H3, H4) = nucleosome core Histone H1 is outside the core. Binds and links DNA between nucleosomes.
Second messenger for ANP?
cGMP (like NO). activates myosin light chain phosphatase.
What enzyme system activates chemical pre-carcinogens?
Microsomal monooxygenase
Thiamine. Name, deficiency (3)
B1.
Dry beriberi - polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting
Wet beriberi - high-output cardiac failure
Wernicke’s encephalopathy: damage to mammary bodies; confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia
Riboflavin. Name, deficiency
B2.
2 C’s: corneal deposits and cheilosis
Pyridoxine. Name, deficiency
B6.
Convulsions, hyperirritability, peripheral neuropathy. Inducible by INH and OCPs.
Sideroblastic anemia due to deficient heme synthesis.
Biotin
B7. Carboxylases.
Deficiency via avidin. Dermatitis, alopecia, enteritis.
Folate
B9.
Zinc.
Acrodermatitis enteropathica (congenital zinc deficiency) Delayed wound healing, hypogonadism, hair loss, anosmia & dysgeusia.
Signs of reversible cell injury
Myofibril relaxation
Disaggregation of polysomes (-ATP)
Disaggregation of granules and fibrillar elements
Chromatin clumping
Triglyceride accumulation (hepatic, renal, muscle cells)
Glycogen loss
Growth factors involved in angiogenesis?
VEGF and FGF
What does protein palmitoylation do?
Increases protein hydrophobicity and anchors the carboxy tail to the PM.
Eukaryotic RNA polymerase functions?
RNA pol I - transcribes 4S rRNA transcript which is cleaved into 28S, 18S, and 5.8S.
RNA pol II - mRNA, snRNA, microRNA.
RNA pol III - transcribes 5S rRNA and tRNA
How does salicylate intoxication present?
Respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis.
DNA binding motifs?
Leucine zipper (leu every 7th residue)
Zinc finger
helix-loop-helix
