Radiology M3 - L1: Radiation safety Flashcards

1
Q

which two emissions do radioactive nuclides emit

A

high energy particles and electromagnetic waves

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2
Q

when high energy particles and waves encounter living cells, what are the following that can happen

A

production of heat

break chemical bonds

ionize molecules

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3
Q

alpha and beta particles emitted from nuclear decay reations possess much higher energies than what

A

ordinary chemical bond energies

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4
Q

if there was an increase in energy would the radiation be closer to ioninsing or non ionising radiation

A

ionising radiation

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5
Q

if there was an increase in frequency would the radiation be closer to ionizing or non ionizing radiation

A

ionizing radiation

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6
Q

if there was an increase in wave length would the radiation be closer to ionizing or non ionizing radiation

A

non ionizing

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7
Q

which particle is stopped by a sheet of paper

A

alpha particle

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8
Q

which particle passes through metal but stopped by water

A

beta particles

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9
Q

ich particle psses through everything but lead

A

gamma

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10
Q

biological effects of radiation - when we know something will occur, which is not random is called what

A

deterministic (non stochastic)

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11
Q

biological effects of radiation - things that may occur are more random are called what

A

non determinsitic (stochastic)

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12
Q

when the following happens, will it result in a determinsitic or non deterministic effect?

  1. can only happen with specific doses
  2. as long as threshold has been achieved
  3. below threshold the effect does not occur
A

deterministic effect

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13
Q

a patient being treated for cancer with radiotherapy is an example of non determinstic or deterministic effect

A

determinsitic effect

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14
Q

what are the 2 acute affects of radiation and there dosage required to achieve

A

radiation sickness - 2 to 10 Sv

Death - >10 Sv

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15
Q

what are the chronic affects of exposure to radiation

A

hair loss

cataracts

sterility

obliterative endateritis - inflammation of the intima in the arteries

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16
Q

biological effects that occur randomly is a example of which effect

A

non determinsitic effect

17
Q

which effect non deterministic or deterministic will cause somatic and genetic effects

A

non determinstic

18
Q

amount of damage not related to dose best describes which effect, non deterministic or deterministic

A

non deterministic

19
Q

which type of effect are we likely to have in dentistry

A

non deterministic

20
Q

what are the three factors that determine the dose of radiation

A

type of radiation

tissues being irradiated

age of the patient

21
Q
A
22
Q

what does ALARP stand for

A

As Low As Reasonably Practicable

23
Q

what does BED stand for

A

Banana Equivalent Dose

24
Q

who are allowed in the controlled area during exposure

A

only the patient

25
Q

what determines the size of the controlled area

A

the KV of the machine

26
Q

a 1.5 metre radius is required with any machines under which Kv

A

70 Kv

27
Q

what is the Dundee dental hospital policy on distance in controlled area

A

2 metres

28
Q
A