Local Anaesthesia Flashcards
what is anaesthesia
Anaesthesia: Loss of all sensation
what is analgesia
Analgesia: loss of pain sensation
what is local anaesthesia
Local anaesthesia: a method of anaesthesia that acts in a local area of the body and does not result un a loss of consciousness
anaestheseia comes in 4 forms in dentistry what are they
topical
infiltration
reginal anaesthesia
supplementary techniques
when applying LA via infiltration, where is the target site
apex of tooth
what determines infiltration effectiveness
determined by the permeability of the tissues (especially bone) through which the solution has to pass
will infiltration mechanism work on very dense outer cortical bone with lidocaine
will not work
will infiltration mechanism work on very dense outer cortical bone with articaine
may work
why do divergent roots make infiltration harder
the divergent roots are further away from the point of injecting, making it harder for the LA to reach the apex of the root
which nerves are commonly blocked by a regional block anaesthesia
- Inferior alveolar (dental)
- Mental and incisive
- Lingual
- Long buccal
- Greater palatine
- Naso-palatine
what is in a LA cartridge
- usually 2.2ml or 1.8ml
- anaesthetic agent (lidocaine, articane)
- vasoconstrictor (adrenaline)
- stabilizer/preservative
- isotonic carrier medium
what is the biggest name of anaesthesia manufacturer
septodont
when a LA drug name ends with Plain, what does that indicate
no vasoconstrictor present
what is the function of the lipophilic head
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/293/356/885/q_image_thumb.jpg?1573659675)
Lipophilic head: the head is what combines to the phospholipid bilayer
what is the function of the hydrophilic tail
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/293/357/052/q_image_thumb.jpg?1573659714)
Hydrophilic tail: having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water.
what is the function of the intermediate chain
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/293/357/086/q_image_thumb.jpg?1573659748)
Intermediate chain: all local anaesthetic has an intermediate chain which links an amine to a aromatic ring
what are the types Ester LA
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/293/357/133/q_image_thumb.jpg?1573660009)
procaine
benzocaine
what are the types of amide LA
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/293/357/468/q_image_thumb.jpg?1573660075)
- Lidocaine
- Prilocaine
- Mepivacaine
- Bupivacaine
- Articane
how do local anaesthetics work
- They work during action potentials, during the initial opening of the Na+ channels
- Depolarisation
- Reversibly block Na+ channels