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Dentistry Module 3 > periodontology the real one > Flashcards

periodontology the real one Flashcards

1
Q

gingiva

cementum

periodontal ligament

alveolar bone

all four combine to make what

A

tissues of the periodontium

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2
Q

the ………………. is the specialized tissues that both surround and support the teeth, maintaining them in the maxillary and mandibular bones.

A

periodontium

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3
Q

situated, performed, or occurring beneath the gums and especially between the gums and the basal part of the crowns of the teeth : best describes what

A

subgingival

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4
Q

Above the gingiva; used in reference to the location of dental restorations, bacterial plaque, or calculus on the tooth. It is often contrasted with subgingival, the gingival margin being the reference point: best describes what

A

supragingival

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5
Q

forming or belonging to a bottom layer or base.: best desctribes what

A

basal

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6
Q

…………………is a form of hardened dental plaque. It is caused by precipitation of minerals from saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)

A

calculus

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7
Q

where are the greates accumulation of calculus found

A

greatest accumulation of calculus found on the lower anterior teeth. The anterior teeth are directly above the sublingual gland, where they are in constant contact with saliva

aswell as the upper molars

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8
Q

which would cause more consequences

supra or sub gingival calculus

A

subgingival

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9
Q

why is plaque considered a retentive factor

A

Calculus Acts as a rough surface which encourages further plaque accumulation

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10
Q

what colour does sub gingival calculus appear as

A

dark green - black

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11
Q

what is a cross calculus probe used for

A

detecting subgingival calculus

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12
Q

generated from piezo-electricity or magnetostriction

which scaler has this feature

A

ultrasonic

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13
Q

generated from passage of compressed air.

which scaler uses this feature

A

sonic

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14
Q

what biophysical effect does the ultrasonic scalers have

A

the vibrating tip damages the bacterial cell membrane

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15
Q
  • Vibrating micro-bubbles form, expand to several times their original size, become unstable and violently collapse
  • Before collapsing, internal bubble temperature and pressure increase
  • Bubble collapse is associated with a shock wave which results in deposit removal and damages bacterial cells

are examples of what

A

cavitation of the ultransonic scaler

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16
Q

ultransonic scalers generate aerosols. so what following should be avoided when using them on pateints.

A
  • Avoid using on patients with TB, throat, & respiratory infections.
  • Avoid using on patients with …especially on the open clinic.
  • Avoid if patient cannot tolerate high volume aspiration.
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17
Q

: there is a small grove between the gingival margin and the tooth enamel this is called the

A

gingival sulcus

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18
Q

the gingiva that is not attached to the enamel is known as what

A

free gingiva

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19
Q

what is the weak point in the gingival barrier against invading plaque bacteria.

A

JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM which has wide spaces between the epithelial cells, allowing plaque bacteria and their toxins to leak into the underlying gingival connective tissue causing INFLAMMATION

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20
Q

what is the name of the AC Fiber

A

Alveolar crest fibers

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21
Q

what is the name of the H fiber

A

horizontal fiber

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22
Q

what is the name of the OBL fiber

A

oblique fiber

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23
Q

what is the name of the PA fiber

A

periapical fiber

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24
Q

what is the name of the IR fiber

A

interradicular fiber

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25
Q

The lamina dura surrounds the tooth socket and provides the attachment surface with which fibres

A

sharpeys fibres

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26
Q

what are the three types of mucosa in the mouth

A
  1. Masticatory mucosa
  2. Lining mucosa
  3. Specialised mucosa (gustatory mucosa – receptors for the sensation of taste)
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27
Q

what do the incremental lines on the acellular cementum represent

A

this shows the periodic deposition of dentin, enamel and cementum. Studies show incremental lines can be used as an age marker

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28
Q

plaque induced inflammation of the gingivae, best describes:

chronic periodontitis

necrotising ulcerative gingivitis

gingivitis

aggresive periodontitis

periodontal abscess

perio-endolesions

gingival enlargement

A

gingivitis

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29
Q

fcharacterised by the destruction of the junctional epithelium and connective tissue attachment of the tooth, together with bone destruction and formation of periodontal pockets. progresses slowly, best describes:

chronic periodontitis

necrotising ulcerative gingivitis

gingivitis

aggresive periodontitis

periodontal abscess

perio-endolesions

gingival enlargement

A

chronic periodontitis

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30
Q

severe condition, usually found in younger cohort of patients. disease progression is rapid and the degree of destruction of the connective tissue attachment and bone is severe: best describes

chronic periodontitis

necrotising ulcerative gingivitis

gingivitis

aggresive periodontitis

periodontal abscess

perio-endolesions

gingival enlargement

A

aggresive periodontitis

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31
Q

painful ulceration of the tips of the interdental papillae. grey necrotic tissue is visible and there is associated halitosis: best describes

chronic periodontitis

necrotising ulcerative gingivitis

gingivitis

aggresive periodontitis

periodontal abscess

perio-endolesions

gingival enlargement

A

necrotising ulcerative ginigivitis

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32
Q

infection in periodontal pocket which can be acute or chronic and asymptomatic if freely draining: best describes

chronic periodontitis

necrotising ulcerative gingivitis

gingivitis

aggresive periodontitis

periodontal abscess

perio-endolesions

gingival enlargement

A

periodontal abscess

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33
Q

lesions maybe independant or coalescing and the bacterial source originates either in the periodontium or the root system: best describes

chronic periodontitis

necrotising ulcerative gingivitis

gingivitis

aggresive periodontitis

periodontal abscess

perio-endolesions

gingival enlargement

A

perio-endo lesions

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34
Q

thickening of the gingivae which can occur as a response to irritation caused by plaque or calculus: best describes

chronic periodontitis

necrotising ulcerative gingivitis

gingivitis

aggresive periodontitis

periodontal abscess

perio-endolesions

gingival enlargement

A

gingival enlargement

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35
Q

how does smoking affect gingival blood flow

A

reduces it

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36
Q

fwhat would you expect to see bleeding on probing with a smoker

A

not as much, due to the affects of smoking - which reduces blood flow to the gingivae

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37
Q

poorly controlled diabetes enhances the signs and symptoms of gingivits and periodontitis.

how does diabetes affetc the ability to heal the gingivae

A

poor would healing

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38
Q

what should the probing force be when carrying out a BPE

A

25g

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39
Q

what probe is used to carry out a BPE

A

WHO probe (CPITN)

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40
Q

what are the 5 things that are included in the full periodontal review

A

pocket depths

bleeding on probing

mobility

furcation

risk factors

41
Q

what probe would be used to carry out a pocket depth examination

A

CP12 probe

42
Q

if a patient smoked 20 cigarettes (1 pack) a day for 2 years what is his pack year

A

2 pack years

43
Q

if a patient smoked 30 cigarettes a day for 2 years what is his pack years

A

3 pack years

44
Q

how many units are you allowed per week

A

14 units per week

2 units per day

45
Q

what affect does stress have on the immune system

A

reduces immune function

46
Q

what affect does stress have on the saliva flow

A

reduces saliva flow

47
Q

what affect does stress have on the viscosity of and acidity of saliva

A

increases it

48
Q

what is the name of the index used to measure mobility

A

millers index

49
Q

horizontal movement upto and including 0.2mm: is represented by what score

0

1

2

3

A

0

50
Q

horizontal movement of >0.2mm but less than 1mm: is represented by what score

0

1

2

3

A

1

51
Q

horizontal movement of >1mm : is represented by what score

0

1

2

3

A

2

52
Q

movement in both horizontal and vertical planes: is represented by what score

0

1

2

3

A

3

53
Q

what probe would be used to measure furcation

A

nabers furcation probe

54
Q

no furcation present is :represented by which score

0

1

2

3

A

0

55
Q

furcation involvement of <1/3 width of tooth :represented by which score

0

1

2

3

A

1

56
Q

furcation involvement of >1/3 width of tooth :represented by which score

0

1

2

3

A

2

57
Q

furcation involvement through -through is :represented by which score

0

1

2

3

A

3

58
Q

what probe is used to measure pocket depth

A

colour coded dental probe

59
Q

what are the band measurements on the colour coded dental probe

A

(in mm) 1,2,3,5,7,8,9,10

60
Q

in health where would you expect to find the base of the gingival pocket to be above

A

amelocemental junction

61
Q

why is the amelocemental junction used as a fixed reference point in periodontology

A

it can be detected clinically and also on radiographs

62
Q

if the base of the gingival pocket is below the amelocemental junction - what does this indicate

A

loss of attachment

63
Q

if the base of the gingival pocket is inline with the ACJ: what does this indicate

A

no loss of attachment

64
Q

a grade 0 on a BPE would indicate what:

  • no probing depth >3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, no bleeding
  • no probing depth of >3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, bleeding after probing
  • no probing depth >3.5 mm, sub/supra/overhang - calculus present
  • probing depth of >3.5 mm <5.5 mm present
  • probing depth of 6 mm or more present
  • furcation present
A

no probing depth >3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, no bleeding

65
Q

a grade 1 on a BPE would indicate what:

no probing depth >3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, no bleeding

no probing depth of >3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, bleeding after probing

no probing depth >3.5 mm, sub/supra/overhang - calculus present

probing depth of >3.5 mm <5.5 mm present

probing depth of 6 mm or more present

furcation present

A

no probing depth of >3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, bleeding after probing ​

66
Q

a grade 2 on a BPE would indicate what:

no probing depth >3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, no bleeding

no probing depth of >3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, bleeding after probing

no probing depth >3.5 mm, sub/supra/overhang - calculus present

probing depth of >3.5 mm <5.5 mm present

probing depth of 6 mm or more present

furcation present

A

no probing depth >3.5 mm, sub/supra/overhang - calculus present

67
Q

a grade 3 on a BPE would indicate what:

no probing depth >3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, no bleeding

no probing depth of >3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, bleeding after probing

no probing depth >3.5 mm, sub/supra/overhang - calculus present

probing depth of >3.5 mm <5.5 mm present

probing depth of 6 mm or more present

furcation present

A

probing depth of >3.5 mm <5.5 mm present

68
Q

a grade 4 on a BPE would indicate what:

no probing depth >3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, no bleeding

no probing depth of >3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, bleeding after probing

no probing depth >3.5 mm, sub/supra/overhang - calculus present

probing depth of >3.5 mm <5.5 mm present

probing depth of 6 mm or more present

furcation present

A

probing depth of 6 mm or more present

69
Q

a grade 4* on a BPE would indicate what:

no probing depth >3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, no bleeding

no probing depth of >3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, bleeding after probing

no probing depth >3.5 mm, sub/supra/overhang - calculus present

probing depth of >3.5 mm <5.5 mm present

probing depth of 6 mm or more present

furcation present

A

probing depth of 6 mm or more present

furcation present

70
Q

what is the major negative of a box chart

A

cannot be used to measure progress of periodontal disease

not specific to a particular tooth or quadrant

71
Q

what are the pros of box chart and BPE

A

quick

can be used to screen quickly

cheap

patient friendly

72
Q

if a patient recieved a BPE score of 0 how would you treat the patient:

  • no periodontal treatment is required
  • plaque and gingivitis charting and oral hygiene demonstration
  • as for score 1, plus remove sup/supra -gingival plaque, calculus and stain
  • as for score 2, plus full periodontal examination of all teeth and rooth surfaces of the tooth that scores 3
  • ass for code 2, assess the need for more complex treatment and consider specialist
A

no periodontal treatment is required

73
Q

if a patient recieved a BPE score of 1 how would you treat the patient:

  • no periodontal treatment is required
  • plaque and gingivitis charting and oral hygiene demonstration
  • as for score 1, plus remove sup/supra -gingival plaque, calculus and stain
  • as for score 2, plus full periodontal examination of all teeth and rooth surfaces of the tooth that scores 3
  • ass for code 2, assess the need for more complex treatment and consider specialist
A

plaque and gingivitis charting and oral hygiene demonstration

74
Q

if a patient recieved a BPE score of 2 how would you treat the patient:

no periodontal treatment is required

plaque and gingivitis charting and oral hygiene demonstration

as for score 1, plus remove sup/supra -gingival plaque, calculus and stain

as for score 2, plus full periodontal examination of all teeth and rooth surfaces of the tooth that scores 3

ass for code 2, assess the need for more complex treatment and consider specialist

A

as for score 1, plus remove sup/supra -gingival plaque, calculus and stain

75
Q

if a patient recieved a BPE score of 3 how would you treat the patient:

  • no periodontal treatment is required
  • plaque and gingivitis charting and oral hygiene demonstration
  • as for score 1, plus remove sup/supra -gingival plaque, calculus and stain
  • as for score 2, plus full periodontal examination of all teeth and rooth surfaces of the tooth that scores 3
  • ass for code 2, assess the need for more complex treatment and consider specialist
A

as for score 2, plus full periodontal examination of all teeth and rooth surfaces of the tooth that scores 3

76
Q

if a patient recieved a BPE score of 4 how would you treat the patient:

no periodontal treatment is required

plaque and gingivitis charting and oral hygiene demonstration

as for score 1, plus remove sup/supra -gingival plaque, calculus and stain

as for score 2, plus full periodontal examination of all teeth and rooth surfaces of the tooth that scores 3

ass for code 2, assess the need for more complex treatment and consider specialist

A

ass for code 2, assess the need for more complex treatment and consider specialist

77
Q

the 2017 classification of periodontal disease: to reach a diagnosis in clinical practice, uses which screening method

A

BPE

78
Q

to have a clinical gingival health what percentage of teeth must bleed on probing:

<5%

<10%

10-30%

>30%

>45%

>50%

A

<10%

79
Q

to have localised gingivitis what percentage of teeth must bleed on probing:

<5%

<10%

10-30%

>30%

>45%

>50%

A

10-30%

80
Q

to have generalised gingivitis what percentage of teeth must bleed on probing:

<5%

<10%

10-30%

>30%

>45%

>50%

A

>30%

81
Q

a code/score 3 on the BPE would result in which further assement

A

6 point pocket chart

82
Q

what depth must the pockets be to diagnosis periodontitis

A

>4mm

83
Q

if there is less than 30% interdental recession, how is periodontitis classified

A

localised periodontitis

84
Q

if there is greater than 30% interdental recession, how is periodontitis classified

A

generalised periodontitis

85
Q

when determining the staging of interproximal bone loss, which site would you use in the radiograph

A

use the worst site of bone loss due to periodontitis

86
Q

what stage would be given if there is <15% (or <2mm attachment loss from CEJ)

stage 1 (early/mild)

stage 2 (moderate)

stage 3 (severe)

stage 4 (very severe)

A

stage 1

87
Q

what stage would be given if there is attachment loss of the coronal third of root

stage 1 (early/mild)

stage 2 (moderate)

stage 3 (severe)

stage 4 (very severe)

A

stage 2 (moderate)

88
Q

what stage would be given if there is attachment loss of the mid third of root

stage 1 (early/mild)

stage 2 (moderate)

stage 3 (severe)

stage 4 (very severe)

A

stage 3 (severe)

89
Q

what stage would be given if there is attachment loss of the apical third of root

stage 1 (early/mild)

stage 2 (moderate)

stage 3 (severe)

stage 4 (very severe)

A

stage 4 (very severe)

90
Q

bone loss can be worked out by % bone loss over patient age.

if some one has a grade A (slow rate), how much bone loss do they have

A

<0.5

91
Q

bone loss can be worked out by % bone loss over patient age.

if some one has a grade b (moderate rate of progression), how much bone loss do they have

A

05-1.0

92
Q

bone loss can be worked out by % bone loss over patient age.

if some one has a grade C (rapid rate), how much bone loss do they have

A

>1.0

93
Q

Bleeding on probing <10%

Periodontal Pocket Depth <4mm

No BoP at 4mm sites

the above is someones periodontitis status are they currently:

currently stable

currently in remission

currently unstable

A

currently stable

94
Q

Bleeding on probing >10%

Periodontal Pocket Depth <4mm

No BoP at 4mm sites

the above is someones periodontitis status are they currently:

currently stable

currently in remission

currently unstable

A

currently in remission

95
Q

Periodontal Pocket Depth >5mm

bleeding on probing

the above is someones periodontitis status are they currently:

currently stable

currently in remission

currently unstable

A

currently unstable

96
Q

what does <30% overall teeth bone loss indicate

A

localised periodontitis

97
Q

what does >30% overall teeth bone loss indicate

A

generalised periodontitis

98
Q

progressing lesions are divided into 4 phases: what are they

A

initial lesion - 24-48 hours

early lesion 1 week

established lesion - clinically apparent gingivitis

advanced lesion - periodontitis

99
Q
A

Dentistry Module 3 (33 decks)

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