periodontology the real one Flashcards
1
Q
gingiva
cementum
periodontal ligament
alveolar bone
all four combine to make what
A
tissues of the periodontium
2
Q
the ………………. is the specialized tissues that both surround and support the teeth, maintaining them in the maxillary and mandibular bones.
A
periodontium
3
Q
situated, performed, or occurring beneath the gums and especially between the gums and the basal part of the crowns of the teeth : best describes what
A
subgingival
4
Q
Above the gingiva; used in reference to the location of dental restorations, bacterial plaque, or calculus on the tooth. It is often contrasted with subgingival, the gingival margin being the reference point: best describes what
A
supragingival
5
Q
forming or belonging to a bottom layer or base.: best desctribes what
A
basal
6
Q
…………………is a form of hardened dental plaque. It is caused by precipitation of minerals from saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)
A
calculus
7
Q
where are the greates accumulation of calculus found
A
greatest accumulation of calculus found on the lower anterior teeth. The anterior teeth are directly above the sublingual gland, where they are in constant contact with saliva
aswell as the upper molars
8
Q
which would cause more consequences
supra or sub gingival calculus
A
subgingival
9
Q
why is plaque considered a retentive factor
A
Calculus Acts as a rough surface which encourages further plaque accumulation
10
Q
what colour does sub gingival calculus appear as
A
dark green - black
11
Q
what is a cross calculus probe used for
A
detecting subgingival calculus
12
Q
generated from piezo-electricity or magnetostriction
which scaler has this feature
A
ultrasonic
13
Q
generated from passage of compressed air.
which scaler uses this feature
A
sonic
14
Q
what biophysical effect does the ultrasonic scalers have
A
the vibrating tip damages the bacterial cell membrane
15
Q
- Vibrating micro-bubbles form, expand to several times their original size, become unstable and violently collapse
- Before collapsing, internal bubble temperature and pressure increase
- Bubble collapse is associated with a shock wave which results in deposit removal and damages bacterial cells
are examples of what
A
cavitation of the ultransonic scaler
16
Q
ultransonic scalers generate aerosols. so what following should be avoided when using them on pateints.
A
- Avoid using on patients with TB, throat, & respiratory infections.
- Avoid using on patients with …especially on the open clinic.
- Avoid if patient cannot tolerate high volume aspiration.
17
Q
: there is a small grove between the gingival margin and the tooth enamel this is called the
A
gingival sulcus
18
Q
the gingiva that is not attached to the enamel is known as what
A
free gingiva
19
Q
what is the weak point in the gingival barrier against invading plaque bacteria.
A
JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM which has wide spaces between the epithelial cells, allowing plaque bacteria and their toxins to leak into the underlying gingival connective tissue causing INFLAMMATION
20
Q
what is the name of the AC Fiber
A
Alveolar crest fibers
21
Q
what is the name of the H fiber
A
horizontal fiber
22
Q
what is the name of the OBL fiber
A
oblique fiber
23
Q
what is the name of the PA fiber
A
periapical fiber
24
Q
what is the name of the IR fiber
A
interradicular fiber
25
The lamina dura surrounds the tooth socket and provides the attachment surface with which fibres
sharpeys fibres
26
what are the three types of mucosa in the mouth
1. Masticatory mucosa
2. Lining mucosa
3. Specialised mucosa (gustatory mucosa – receptors for the sensation of taste)
27
what do the incremental lines on the acellular cementum represent
this shows the periodic deposition of dentin, enamel and cementum. Studies show incremental lines can be used as an age marker
28
plaque induced inflammation of the gingivae, best describes:
chronic periodontitis
necrotising ulcerative gingivitis
gingivitis
aggresive periodontitis
periodontal abscess
perio-endolesions
gingival enlargement
gingivitis
29
fcharacterised by the destruction of the junctional epithelium and connective tissue attachment of the tooth, together with bone destruction and formation of periodontal pockets. **progresses slowly,** best describes:
## Footnote
chronic periodontitis
necrotising ulcerative gingivitis
gingivitis
aggresive periodontitis
periodontal abscess
perio-endolesions
gingival enlargement
chronic periodontitis
30
severe condition, usually found in younger cohort of patients. disease progression is rapid and the degree of destruction of the connective tissue attachment and bone is severe: best describes
## Footnote
chronic periodontitis
necrotising ulcerative gingivitis
gingivitis
aggresive periodontitis
periodontal abscess
perio-endolesions
gingival enlargement
aggresive periodontitis
31
painful ulceration of the tips of the interdental papillae. grey necrotic tissue is visible and there is associated halitosis: best describes
## Footnote
chronic periodontitis
necrotising ulcerative gingivitis
gingivitis
aggresive periodontitis
periodontal abscess
perio-endolesions
gingival enlargement
necrotising ulcerative ginigivitis
32
infection in periodontal pocket which can be acute or chronic and asymptomatic if freely draining: best describes
## Footnote
chronic periodontitis
necrotising ulcerative gingivitis
gingivitis
aggresive periodontitis
periodontal abscess
perio-endolesions
gingival enlargement
periodontal abscess
33
lesions maybe independant or coalescing and the bacterial source originates either in the periodontium or the root system: best describes
## Footnote
chronic periodontitis
necrotising ulcerative gingivitis
gingivitis
aggresive periodontitis
periodontal abscess
perio-endolesions
gingival enlargement
perio-endo lesions
34
thickening of the gingivae which can occur as a response to irritation caused by plaque or calculus: best describes
## Footnote
chronic periodontitis
necrotising ulcerative gingivitis
gingivitis
aggresive periodontitis
periodontal abscess
perio-endolesions
gingival enlargement
gingival enlargement
35
how does smoking affect gingival blood flow
reduces it
36
fwhat would you expect to see bleeding on probing with a smoker
not as much, due to the affects of smoking - which reduces blood flow to the gingivae
37
poorly controlled diabetes enhances the signs and symptoms of gingivits and periodontitis.
how does diabetes affetc the ability to heal the gingivae
poor would healing
38
what should the probing force be when carrying out a BPE
25g
39
what probe is used to carry out a BPE
WHO probe (CPITN)
40
what are the 5 things that are included in the full periodontal review
pocket depths
bleeding on probing
mobility
furcation
risk factors
41
what probe would be used to carry out a pocket depth examination
CP12 probe
42
if a patient smoked 20 cigarettes (1 pack) a day for 2 years what is his pack year
2 pack years
43
if a patient smoked 30 cigarettes a day for 2 years what is his pack years
3 pack years
44
how many units are you allowed per week
14 units per week
2 units per day
45
what affect does stress have on the immune system
reduces immune function
46
what affect does stress have on the saliva flow
reduces saliva flow
47
what affect does stress have on the viscosity of and acidity of saliva
increases it
48
what is the name of the index used to measure mobility
millers index
49
horizontal movement upto and including 0.2mm: is represented by what score
0
1
2
3
0
50
horizontal movement of \>0.2mm but less than 1mm: is represented by what score
0
1
2
3
1
51
horizontal movement of \>1mm : is represented by what score
0
1
2
3
2
52
movement in both horizontal and **vertical planes:** is represented by what score
0
1
2
3
3
53
what probe would be used to measure furcation
nabers furcation probe
54
no furcation present is :represented by which score
0
1
2
3
0
55
furcation involvement of \<1/3 width of tooth :represented by which score
0
1
2
3
1
56
furcation involvement of \>1/3 width of tooth :represented by which score
0
1
2
3
2
57
furcation involvement through -through is :represented by which score
0
1
2
3
3
58
what probe is used to measure pocket depth
colour coded dental probe
59
what are the band measurements on the colour coded dental probe
(in mm) 1,2,3,5,7,8,9,10
60
in health where would you expect to find the base of the gingival pocket to be above
amelocemental junction
61
why is the amelocemental junction used as a fixed reference point in periodontology
it can be detected clinically and also on radiographs
62
if the base of the gingival pocket is below the amelocemental junction - what does this indicate
loss of attachment
63
if the base of the gingival pocket is inline with the ACJ: what does this indicate
no loss of attachment
64
a grade 0 on a BPE would indicate what:
* no probing depth \>3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, no bleeding
* no probing depth of \>3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, bleeding after probing
* no probing depth \>3.5 mm, sub/supra/overhang - calculus present
* probing depth of \>3.5 mm \<5.5 mm present
* probing depth of 6 mm or more present
* furcation present
no probing depth \>3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, no bleeding
65
a grade 1 on a BPE would indicate what:
no probing depth \>3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, no bleeding
no probing depth of \>3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, bleeding after probing
no probing depth \>3.5 mm, sub/supra/overhang - calculus present
probing depth of \>3.5 mm \<5.5 mm present
probing depth of 6 mm or more present
furcation present
no probing depth of \>3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, **bleeding after probing **
66
a grade 2 on a BPE would indicate what:
no probing depth \>3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, no bleeding
no probing depth of \>3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, bleeding after probing
no probing depth \>3.5 mm, sub/supra/overhang - calculus present
probing depth of \>3.5 mm \<5.5 mm present
probing depth of 6 mm or more present
furcation present
no probing depth \>3.5 mm, sub/supra/overhang - **calculus present**
67
a grade 3 on a BPE would indicate what:
no probing depth \>3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, no bleeding
no probing depth of \>3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, bleeding after probing
no probing depth \>3.5 mm, sub/supra/overhang - calculus present
probing depth of \>3.5 mm \<5.5 mm present
probing depth of 6 mm or more present
furcation present
probing depth of \>3.5 mm \<5.5 mm present
68
a grade 4 on a BPE would indicate what:
no probing depth \>3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, no bleeding
no probing depth of \>3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, bleeding after probing
no probing depth \>3.5 mm, sub/supra/overhang - calculus present
probing depth of \>3.5 mm \<5.5 mm present
probing depth of 6 mm or more present
furcation present
probing depth of 6 mm or more present
69
a grade 4\* on a BPE would indicate what:
no probing depth \>3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, no bleeding
no probing depth of \>3.5 mm, no calculus/overhang, bleeding after probing
no probing depth \>3.5 mm, sub/supra/overhang - calculus present
probing depth of \>3.5 mm \<5.5 mm present
probing depth of 6 mm or more present
furcation present
probing depth of 6 mm or more present
furcation present
70
what is the major negative of a box chart
cannot be used to measure progress of periodontal disease
not specific to a particular tooth or quadrant
71
what are the pros of box chart and BPE
quick
can be used to screen quickly
cheap
patient friendly
72
if a patient recieved a BPE score of 0 how would you treat the patient:
* no periodontal treatment is required
* plaque and gingivitis charting and oral hygiene demonstration
* as for score 1, plus remove sup/supra -gingival plaque, calculus and stain
* as for score 2, plus full periodontal examination of all teeth and rooth surfaces of the tooth that scores 3
* ass for code 2, assess the need for more complex treatment and consider specialist
no periodontal treatment is required
73
if a patient recieved a BPE score of 1 how would you treat the patient:
* no periodontal treatment is required
* plaque and gingivitis charting and oral hygiene demonstration
* as for score 1, plus remove sup/supra -gingival plaque, calculus and stain
* as for score 2, plus full periodontal examination of all teeth and rooth surfaces of the tooth that scores 3
* ass for code 2, assess the need for more complex treatment and consider specialist
plaque and gingivitis charting and oral hygiene demonstration
74
if a patient recieved a BPE score of 2 how would you treat the patient:
no periodontal treatment is required
plaque and gingivitis charting and oral hygiene demonstration
as for score 1, plus remove sup/supra -gingival plaque, calculus and stain
as for score 2, plus full periodontal examination of all teeth and rooth surfaces of the tooth that scores 3
ass for code 2, assess the need for more complex treatment and consider specialist
as for score 1, plus remove sup/supra -gingival plaque, calculus and stain
75
if a patient recieved a BPE score of 3 how would you treat the patient:
* no periodontal treatment is required
* plaque and gingivitis charting and oral hygiene demonstration
* as for score 1, plus remove sup/supra -gingival plaque, calculus and stain
* as for score 2, plus full periodontal examination of all teeth and rooth surfaces of the tooth that scores 3
* ass for code 2, assess the need for more complex treatment and consider specialist
as for score 2, plus full periodontal examination of all teeth and rooth surfaces of the tooth that scores 3
76
if a patient recieved a BPE score of 4 how would you treat the patient:
no periodontal treatment is required
plaque and gingivitis charting and oral hygiene demonstration
as for score 1, plus remove sup/supra -gingival plaque, calculus and stain
as for score 2, plus full periodontal examination of all teeth and rooth surfaces of the tooth that scores 3
ass for code 2, assess the need for more complex treatment and consider specialist
ass for code 2, assess the need for more complex treatment and consider specialist
77
the 2017 classification of periodontal disease: to reach a diagnosis in clinical practice, uses which screening method
BPE
78
to have a clinical gingival health what percentage of teeth must bleed on probing:
\<5%
\<10%
10-30%
\>30%
\>45%
\>50%
\<10%
79
to have localised gingivitis what percentage of teeth must bleed on probing:
\<5%
\<10%
10-30%
\>30%
\>45%
\>50%
10-30%
80
to have generalised gingivitis what percentage of teeth must bleed on probing:
\<5%
\<10%
10-30%
\>30%
\>45%
\>50%
\>30%
81
a code/score 3 on the BPE would result in which further assement
6 point pocket chart
82
what depth must the pockets be to diagnosis periodontitis
\>4mm
83
if there is less than 30% interdental recession, how is periodontitis classified
localised periodontitis
84
if there is greater than 30% interdental recession, how is periodontitis classified
generalised periodontitis
85
when determining the **staging** of interproximal bone loss, which site would you use in the radiograph
use the worst site of bone loss due to periodontitis
86
what stage would be given if there is \<15% (or \<2mm attachment loss from CEJ)
stage 1 (early/mild)
stage 2 (moderate)
stage 3 (severe)
stage 4 (very severe)
stage 1
87
what stage would be given if there is attachment loss of the coronal third of root
stage 1 (early/mild)
stage 2 (moderate)
stage 3 (severe)
stage 4 (very severe)
stage 2 (moderate)
88
what stage would be given if there is attachment loss of the mid third of root
stage 1 (early/mild)
stage 2 (moderate)
stage 3 (severe)
stage 4 (very severe)
stage 3 (severe)
89
what stage would be given if there is attachment loss of the apical third of root
stage 1 (early/mild)
stage 2 (moderate)
stage 3 (severe)
stage 4 (very severe)
stage 4 (very severe)
90
bone loss can be worked out by % bone loss over patient age.
if some one has a grade A (slow rate), how much bone loss do they have
\<0.5
91
bone loss can be worked out by % bone loss over patient age.
if some one has a grade b (moderate rate of progression), how much bone loss do they have
05-1.0
92
bone loss can be worked out by % bone loss over patient age.
if some one has a grade C (rapid rate), how much bone loss do they have
\>1.0
93
Bleeding on probing \<10%
Periodontal Pocket Depth \<4mm
No BoP at 4mm sites
the above is someones periodontitis status are they currently:
currently stable
currently in remission
currently unstable
currently stable
94
Bleeding on probing \>10%
Periodontal Pocket Depth \<4mm
No BoP at 4mm sites
the above is someones periodontitis status are they currently:
currently stable
currently in remission
currently unstable
currently in remission
95
Periodontal Pocket Depth \>5mm
bleeding on probing
the above is someones periodontitis status are they currently:
currently stable
currently in remission
currently unstable
currently unstable
96
what does \<30% overall teeth bone loss indicate
localised periodontitis
97
what does \>30% overall teeth bone loss indicate
generalised periodontitis
98
progressing lesions are divided into 4 phases: what are they
initial lesion - 24-48 hours
early lesion 1 week
established lesion - clinically apparent gingivitis
advanced lesion - periodontitis
99
