Anatomy: Brain and Cranial Nerves Flashcards
name this part
subarachnoid space
name the regions
which of the following is correct for nerve modalaties:
CN IX
somatic sensory
somatic motor
special sensory
mixed
parasympathetic
Mixed (s motor, s sensory, special sensory, parasympathetic)
Leaves cranial cavity via jugular foramen
Sensory function: innervates oropharynx, carotid body and sinus, posterior 1/3 of tongue, middle ear cavity
Special sensory function: provides taste sensation to the posterior 1/3 of tongue
Parasympathetic function: of parotid gland
Motor function: innervation of the pharynx
which of the following is correct for nerve modalaties:
CN IV
somatic sensory
somatic motor
special sensory
mixed
parasympathetic
somatic motor
Leaves cranial cavity via superior orbital fissure
(function: movement of eye)
what is the middle layer of the meninges called
arachnoid mater
what is the function of the pia mater
coats the brain and blood vessels
(nerves entering and leaving the brain)
identify the cranial nerve
facial nerve
CN VII
identify the cranial nerve
Optic nerve
CN II
name the marked features
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle
spinal canal filled with CSF
whats the difference between sensory and special sensory
Special senses detect the sensations of taste, smell, hearing, equilibrium, and sight, and are linked to a specific organ (sight = eyes)
name this part of the sinus
confluence of sinuses
what is the function of arachnoid mater
arachnoid mater contains arachonid granulation, which reabsorb spinal fluid
in which lobe would you expect to find visual processing
occipital lobe
what artery branches of the basilar artery, before the basilar artery diverge to form the communicating artery,
right and left posterior cerebral artery
what is produced in the 1 and 2 ventricles
cerebral spinal fluid
how do sympathetic nerve fibres reach the orbit.
by following arteries, especially the internal carotid artery
name the foramens present in the middle cranial fossa
- Optic canal
- Superior orbital fissure
- Foramen rotundum
- Foramen ovale
- Foramen spinosum
- Carotid canal
identify the marked structures
red = optic chiasma
blue = pituitary stalk
where does venous blood from here drain to
superior sagital sinus
which of the following is correct for nerve modalaties:
CN XII
somatic sensory
somatic motor
special sensory
mixed
parasympathetic
motor
Leaves cranial cavity via the hypoglossal canal,
motor function of the tongue.
describe what is happening in the image
as the sinus makes its way down inferiorly, it passes through the jugular foramen.
once passed it becomes the right internal jugular vein
identify the cranial nerve
olfactory
CNI
which cranial nerve passes through the purple structure
Olfactory nerve
When the periosteal and meningeal layer of the dura mater seperate, what does this form?
dural venous sinuses
the abducent nerve innervates which eye muscle
lateral rectus
the right and left vertebral artery merge to form what artery
basilar artery
name this sinus
straight sinus
the dura mater consists of two layers, what are they called
periosteal layer and the meningeal layer
which artery is present between the layers of the dura mater
middle meningeal artery
which of the following is correct for nerve modalaties:
CN VII
somatic sensory
somatic motor
special sensory
mixed
parasympathetic
(s motor, s sensory, special sensory, parasympathetic).
Leaves cranial cavity via the internal acoustic meatus > enters facial canal before leaving through stylomastoid foramen
Motor function: innervates the muscles of facial expression
Sensory function: small area of the concha of the auricle
Special sensory: taste anterior 2/3 of tongue
Parasympathetic: glands, submandibular and sublingual
identify the cranial nerve
abducent nerve
CN VI
which of the following is correct for nerve modalaties:
CN II
somatic sensory
somatic motor
special sensory
mixed
parasympathetic
Special sensory
(function sight)
leaves cranial cavity via optic canal
which artery supplies the anterior side of the brain
right/left anterior cerebral artery
name this partof the sinus
right transverse sinus
what is the most inner layer of the meninges called
pia mater
which middle artery merges with the circle of willis
left/right middle cerebral artery
which cranial nerve is the only nerve to emerge from the pons
trigeminal nerve (CN V)
what is the modalaty of CN Vc
mixed
sensory to skin
motor to muscles of mastication
what is the function of the medulla oblongata
Medulla oblongata function:
- helps regulate breathing
- heart and blood vessel function
- digestion
- sneezing and swallowing
the vertebral artery branches of which artery
subclavian artery
which region of the brain does the vertebral artery supply
posterior side of the brain
which of the following is correct for nerve modalaties:
CN X
somatic sensory
somatic motor
special sensory
mixed
parasympathetic
Mixed (motor, sensory, special sensory, parasympathetic)
Leaves cranial cavity via the jugular foreman
Motor function: provides motor function of the pharynx, larynx and soft palate
Sensory function: visceral sensation of the heart, and abdominal viscera
Special sensory function: provides taste sensation of epiglottis and root of tongue
Parasympathetic function: innervates the smooth muscle of the trachea, bronchi and gastro-intestinal track and regulates heart rhythm.
which of the following is correct for nerve modalaties:
CN I
somatic sensory
somatic motor
special sensory
mixed
parasympathetic
special sensory
(function sight)
leaves cranial cavity via cribriform plate
What are the two divisions of the brain called?
cerebral hemisphere (right and left)
which region of the brain does the common carotid artery supply
middle and anterior sides of the brain
which nerve innervates the special sensory of the anteriror 2/3 of the tongue
facial nerve (CN VII)
what is the modalaty of CN Vb
somatic sensory
identify the cranial nerve
Vagus nerve
CN X
identify the cranial nerve
Occulomotor
CN III
which foramen does the vertebral artery pass through
transverse foramen
(starts at C6)
when the 2 layers of the dura mater fold on itself between the cerrebelum, what does it form
tentorium cerebelli
which of the following is correct for nerve modalaties:
CN VIII
somatic sensory
somatic motor
special sensory
mixed
parasympathetic
special sensory
Leaves cranial cavity via internal acoustic meatus
Special sensory function: hearing and balance
identify the cranial nerve
vestibulocochlear nerve
CN VIII
the dura mater is vascularised, which nerve innervates that region
opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
what is the function of the midbrain
Midbrain Function:
- involvement in motor movement (particularly eye)
- auditory
- visual processing
what is the modalaty of CN Va
somatic sensory
what does the basilar artery diverge to
right and left posterior communicating artery
the iris has associated radial smooth muscles to make the pupil open wider. what is the name
dilator pupillae
trochelar nerve innervates what muscle in the eye
superior oblique
identify the cranial nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
CN XII
name this artery of the circle of wilis
anterior communicating artery
which of the following is correct for nerve modalaties:
CN III
somatic sensory
somatic motor
special sensory
mixed
parasympathetic
somatic motor
parasympathetic
mixed
Leaves cranial cavity via superior orbital fissure
somatic motor function: eyelid, skeletal.
Parasympathetic function: sphincter pupillae muscle
name this sinus
inferior sagital sinus
name this part of the sinus
right sigmoid sinus
which of the following is correct for nerve modalaties:
CN VI
somatic sensory
somatic motor
special sensory
mixed
parasympathetic
somatic motor
Leaves cranial cavity via superior orbital fissure (function: movement of eye)
what is the outerlayer of the meninges called
dura mater
identify the cranial nerve
spinal accesory nerve
CN XI
which of the following is correct for nerve modalaties:
CN XI
somatic sensory
somatic motor
special sensory
mixed
parasympathetic
motor
Leaves cranial cavity via jugular foramen, motor function of the trapezius and SCM.
name the foramens present in the posterior cranial fosa
- Internal acoustic foramen
- Jugular foramen
- Hypoglossal canal
- Foramen magnum
identify the cranial nerve
Trigeminal nerve
CN V
the little brain is reffered to the what in the brain, and what is its function
known as the cerebellum
its functions include precise motor activity, and many more
identify the cranial nerve
trochlear nerve
CN IV
which nerve innervates the special sensory of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
when the 2 layers of the dura mater fold on itself between the cerebral hemisphere. what is the name given
falx cerebri
identify the cranial nerve
glossopharyngeal nerve
CN IX
which of the following is correct for nerve modalaties:
CN V
somatic sensory
somatic motor
special sensory
mixed
parasympathetic
Mixed (somatic motor, somatic sensory) V1 V2 V3
V1 Leaves cranial cavity via superior orbital fissure
V2 leaves cranial cavity via foramen rotundum
V3 leaves cranial cavity via foramen ovale
V3 Somatic motor function and somatic sensory: muscles of mastication.
Somatic sensory function: innervation of the skin, sensation to the teeth.
the iris has associated circular smooth muscle, which contract to make the pupils smaller. whats the name of it?
sphincter pupilae
how do parasympathetic nerve fibres reach the eye
via the cranial nerve 3 (occulomotor nerve)
what is the function of the pons
Pons Function:
- involvement in control of breathing
- communication between different parts of the brain
- sensations such as hearing, taste and balance
which cranial nerve innervates the parotid gland
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
at what landmark is the confluence of sinuses located in
internal occipital protuberance
which cranial innervates the sub lingual and sub mandibular glands
Cranial nerve 7 facial nerve
