Radiology and bone cysts

Question 1

What are the causes of cervical lymph node calcification?

Answer 1

associated with chronic inflammation 
TB
actinomycosis
radiotherap
cat stach
chonic tonsillits

Question 2

How do lymph node calcifications appear radiographically?

Answer 2

usually less than 1.5cm
irregular outline
laminated

Question 3

to differentiate between a calcified lymph node and salivary stone what could you do?

Answer 3

US

Question 4

What is a tonsillith?

Answer 4

calcification of tonsil seen overlying air shadow in oropharnyx

Question 5

How does a tonsillith appear on a DPT?

Answer 5

ill defined since out of focal trough, small radiopaque foci often bilaterl

Question 6

What is stylohyoid calcification associated with?

Answer 6

eagles syndrome (elongation, plus pain on eating and swalling and turning head)

Question 7

What is the normal length of the styloid process?

Answer 7

0.5-2cm

more than 28mm=elongated

Question 8

How does carotid calcification appear?

Answer 8

nodular radiopaque mass seen as two vertical lines within the soft tissues
situated above or below hyoid

Question 9

WHat are phleboliths?

Answer 9

venous calcifications

Question 10

WHat are phlemobliths associated with?

Answer 10

haemangiomas and AV malformations

Question 11

How do phleobliths appear radiographically?

Answer 11

well defined round or ovoid

concentric circles with central radioluencey

Question 12

What is an rhinolith?

Answer 12

associated with a foreign body

usually between inferior turbinate and spetum

Question 13

How do rhinoliths appear radiographically?

Answer 13

mass of irregular and dense calcified mass no osseous connections

Question 14

What is an antrolith?

Answer 14

calcified mass in the antrum caused by inflmmation

Question 15

How does an antrolith appear radiographically?

Answer 15

smooth outline and irregular

associated with sinusitis often

Question 16

What is a differential diagnosis for a uniform, unlilocular radiolucency associated with the crown or root of a tooth?

Answer 16

odontogenic cyst: radicular, residual, lateral periodontal cyst, dentigerous cyst

In early stages: osseuous dysplasias, AOT

Question 17

What is the differential diagnosis for a multilocular radiolucency of the jaw?

Answer 17

Odontogenic myxoma
Odontogenic keratocyst
Odontogenic Ameloblastoma

Aneurysmal bone cyst
cherubism
Browns tumour hyperparthyroidms
central giant cell granuloma

Question 18

What are the features of an odontgenic myxoma?

Answer 18

Derived from the fibroblasts of the developing tooth germ

histology shows: fibrous capsule surrounding scanty scellate type cells, odontogneic rests with boney infiltration

it has variable cortication, well defined and smooth outlined
usually found in the posterior mandible and maxilla and seen between 2nd and 4th decade, it has radiopage septa running at right angles to eachother

Question 19

What are the features of a keratocyst?

Answer 19

This is found in the posterior mandible and anterior maxilla
derived from the dental lamina
mutiple keratocysts found in gorlin goltz

histology shows:
Palidased basal cells layer
fibrous capsule
5 cells thick
parakeratinized corrugated surface
satelllitle daughter cells

derived ffrom the DL/EO

Question 20

What are the features of the bone related lesions (ABC)?

Answer 20

only cherubism is corticated

Question 21

What is special about the keratocyst compared to myxoma and ameloblastoma?

Answer 21

no septa

Question 22

What is special about the central giant cell granuloma compared to the other bone related lesions?

Answer 22

it is the only one to cross the midline

Question 23

What is a compound odontome?

Answer 23

denticles
mixed mass
seen anterior canine region
seen in Gardners syndrome (along with dentigerous cysts and benign bone osteomas)

Question 24

What is a differnetial diagnosis for a radiolucency below the level of the ID canal?

Answer 24

Artefact
Stafne bone cavity
solitary bone cyst

Question 25

What is a differential for a radopacity at the angle of the mandible?

Answer 25

tonsillith phlebolith soft tissue calcification

Question 26

What is a differntial diagnosis for a ground glass appearance of bone?

Answer 26

Fibrous dysplasia could be associated with mccune albright syndrome?

Question 27

What is a differntial diganosis for a cyst surrounding the crown of an unerupted tooth?

Answer 27

Dentigerous Unicystic ameloblstoma Adenonomatoid odontgenictumour

Question 28

What is a differential diagnosis for a cyst surroung a whole tooth?

Answer 28

CEOT

Question 29

What is a differntial diagnosis for a a poorly defined osteolytic and sclerotic lesion?

Answer 29

SCC

Question 30

What are the two malignant peiostel features?

Answer 30

cod man triangle sunray appearance

Question 31

How does osteomyeltits present on an xray?

Answer 31

presents as areas of raggedy moth eaten, with radioapaque deposits inside, also see subperosteal reaction and in chronic can see invilucrum forming

Question 32

What is a diagnosis for punched out lesions?

Answer 32

malignancies metastesis (5B's) multiple myeloma and langerhans cell histiocytosis

Question 33

What are the patholgies assoicted with TMJ?

Answer 33

``` TMJDS Osteoarthritis Rhumatoid arthritis ankylosis tumour internal derangement frature developmental abonormalites ```

Question 34

How does osteoarthrits present on a DPT?

Answer 34

``` beaking oseophytes ely cysts eorison of the articular surface of condyle head crepitua ```

Question 35

What are featyres of rheumatoid?

Answer 35

same as osteoarthritis But no cysts and occasional beaking, hollowing of glenoid fossa, redction in range of movement and usually bilateral and symmetrical

Question 36

What is ankylosis?

Answer 36

abnormal bony union across the joint which can be caused by truama, surgery, infection, tumour, arthritis,

Question 37

What tumours can affect TMJ?

Answer 37

osteoma chondroma ostesarcoma metasteses account for less than 1% of head and neck

Question 38

What are the options for TMJ problems?

Answer 38

``` Splint MEdication jaw exercise arthroscopy: wash out and lavage the TMJ Higher condylar shave Eminectomy: rehsape condyle Joint replacement ```

Question 39

What is TMD?

Answer 39

narrow spectrum of diseases that effect the TMMJ | non specific diseases

Question 40

What causes TMD?

Answer 40

biopsycosocial: biological, social, psychological