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Oral Med > Radiology and bone cysts > Flashcards

Radiology and bone cysts Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of cervical lymph node calcification?

A 
associated with chronic inflammation 
TB
actinomycosis
radiotherap
cat stach
chonic tonsillits
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2
Q

How do lymph node calcifications appear radiographically?

A

usually less than 1.5cm
irregular outline
laminated

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3
Q

to differentiate between a calcified lymph node and salivary stone what could you do?

A

US

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4
Q

What is a tonsillith?

A

calcification of tonsil seen overlying air shadow in oropharnyx

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5
Q

How does a tonsillith appear on a DPT?

A

ill defined since out of focal trough, small radiopaque foci often bilaterl

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6
Q

What is stylohyoid calcification associated with?

A

eagles syndrome (elongation, plus pain on eating and swalling and turning head)

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7
Q

What is the normal length of the styloid process?

A

0.5-2cm

more than 28mm=elongated

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8
Q

How does carotid calcification appear?

A

nodular radiopaque mass seen as two vertical lines within the soft tissues
situated above or below hyoid

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9
Q

WHat are phleboliths?

A

venous calcifications

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10
Q

WHat are phlemobliths associated with?

A

haemangiomas and AV malformations

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11
Q

How do phleobliths appear radiographically?

A

well defined round or ovoid

concentric circles with central radioluencey

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12
Q

What is an rhinolith?

A

associated with a foreign body

usually between inferior turbinate and spetum

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13
Q

How do rhinoliths appear radiographically?

A

mass of irregular and dense calcified mass no osseous connections

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14
Q

What is an antrolith?

A

calcified mass in the antrum caused by inflmmation

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15
Q

How does an antrolith appear radiographically?

A

smooth outline and irregular

associated with sinusitis often

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16
Q

What is a differential diagnosis for a uniform, unlilocular radiolucency associated with the crown or root of a tooth?

A

odontogenic cyst: radicular, residual, lateral periodontal cyst, dentigerous cyst

In early stages: osseuous dysplasias, AOT

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17
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for a multilocular radiolucency of the jaw?

A

Odontogenic myxoma
Odontogenic keratocyst
Odontogenic Ameloblastoma

Aneurysmal bone cyst
cherubism
Browns tumour hyperparthyroidms
central giant cell granuloma

18
Q

What are the features of an odontgenic myxoma?

A

Derived from the fibroblasts of the developing tooth germ

histology shows: fibrous capsule surrounding scanty scellate type cells, odontogneic rests with boney infiltration

it has variable cortication, well defined and smooth outlined
usually found in the posterior mandible and maxilla and seen between 2nd and 4th decade, it has radiopage septa running at right angles to eachother

19
Q

What are the features of a keratocyst?

A

This is found in the posterior mandible and anterior maxilla
derived from the dental lamina
mutiple keratocysts found in gorlin goltz

histology shows:
Palidased basal cells layer
fibrous capsule
5 cells thick
parakeratinized corrugated surface
satelllitle daughter cells

derived ffrom the DL/EO

20
Q

What are the features of the bone related lesions (ABC)?

A

only cherubism is corticated

21
Q

What is special about the keratocyst compared to myxoma and ameloblastoma?

A

no septa

22
Q

What is special about the central giant cell granuloma compared to the other bone related lesions?

A

it is the only one to cross the midline

23
Q

What is a compound odontome?

A

denticles
mixed mass
seen anterior canine region
seen in Gardners syndrome (along with dentigerous cysts and benign bone osteomas)

24
Q

What is a differnetial diagnosis for a radiolucency below the level of the ID canal?

A

Artefact
Stafne bone cavity
solitary bone cyst

25
Q

What is a differential for a radopacity at the angle of the mandible?

A

tonsillith
phlebolith
soft tissue calcification

26
Q

What is a differntial diagnosis for a ground glass appearance of bone?

A

Fibrous dysplasia

could be associated with mccune albright syndrome?

27
Q

What is a differntial diganosis for a cyst surrounding the crown of an unerupted tooth?

A

Dentigerous
Unicystic ameloblstoma
Adenonomatoid odontgenictumour

28
Q

What is a differential diagnosis for a cyst surroung a whole tooth?

A

CEOT

29
Q

What is a differntial diagnosis for a a poorly defined osteolytic and sclerotic lesion?

A

SCC

30
Q

What are the two malignant peiostel features?

A

cod man triangle sunray appearance

31
Q

How does osteomyeltits present on an xray?

A

presents as areas of raggedy moth eaten, with radioapaque deposits inside, also see subperosteal reaction and in chronic can see invilucrum forming

32
Q

What is a diagnosis for punched out lesions?

A

malignancies
metastesis (5B’s)
multiple myeloma and langerhans cell histiocytosis

33
Q

What are the patholgies assoicted with TMJ?

A 
TMJDS
Osteoarthritis
Rhumatoid arthritis
ankylosis
tumour
internal derangement
frature
developmental abonormalites
34
Q

How does osteoarthrits present on a DPT?

A 
beaking
oseophytes
ely cysts
eorison of the articular surface of condyle head
crepitua
35
Q

What are featyres of rheumatoid?

A

same as osteoarthritis

But no cysts and occasional beaking, hollowing of glenoid fossa, redction in range of movement and usually bilateral and symmetrical

36
Q

What is ankylosis?

A

abnormal bony union across the joint which can be caused by truama, surgery, infection, tumour, arthritis,

37
Q

What tumours can affect TMJ?

A

osteoma
chondroma
ostesarcoma
metasteses

account for less than 1% of head and neck

38
Q

What are the options for TMJ problems?

A 
Splint
MEdication
jaw exercise
arthroscopy: wash out and lavage the TMJ
Higher condylar shave
Eminectomy: rehsape condyle
Joint replacement
39
Q

What is TMD?

A

narrow spectrum of diseases that effect the TMMJ

non specific diseases

40
Q

What causes TMD?

A

biopsycosocial: biological, social, psychological

Oral Med (31 decks)

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