Neck Lumps

Question 1

How can neck lumps be broadly classified in terms of malignancy?

Answer 1

Benign or malignant

Question 2

What are causes of malignant neck lumps?

Answer 2

Salivary gland
Lymphoma
Metastatic
Thyroid

Question 3

What are the causes of benign neck lumps?

Answer 3

Salivary gland
Infection
Thyroid nodule
congenital
Lymphoid

Question 4

What does the term regional neck lump examination?

Answer 4

Neck lumps may be midline or laterally on the neck

Question 5

What does a neck lump laterally more likely indicate?

Answer 5

Parotid gland
Lymph node
Muscles

Question 6

What does a midline neck lump more likely indicate?

Answer 6

thyroid

Question 7

What investigations would you do for neck lumps?

Answer 7

radiologial
blood
microbiology
serology
cytology
histology

Question 8

What blood tests would you do?

Answer 8

Full blood count
LFT
Thryoid function tests
specific antibodies

Question 9

What cytological and histoloical investigations would you do?

Answer 9

FNAC
Trucut
Cell blocks
Imprint cytology
open biopsy
resection

Question 10

What are the causes of congenital neck lumps?

Answer 10

Lymphangioma
Dermoid cyst
Thryoglossal cyst
Branchial cyst
Pharyngeal pouch

Question 11

What is a lymphangioma?

Answer 11

A harmatoma or benign neoplasm of lymphatic channels that presnets as a colourless and occasoionally nodular mass

Question 12

Why do lymphangiomas occasionally undergo purplish dicolouration?

Answer 12

bleeding into the lymphatic spaces

Question 13

What can lymphangiomas cause on the tongue?

Answer 13

Macroglossia

Question 14

What can lymphangiomas cause on the lip?

Answer 14

Macrochelia

Question 15

WHat is a dermoid cyst?

Answer 15

a rare developmental cyst that develops in the midline of the FOM. It is doughy

Question 16

What is a differential diagnois for a dermoid cyst?

Answer 16

Ranula

cystic hygroma

Question 17

How do you diagnose and treat a dermoid cyst?

Answer 17

aspiration

surgical removal is managment

Question 18

What is a thyroglossal duct cyst?

Answer 18

this cyst arises from the remnants of the thryoglossal duct and is found in the midline anywhere between the thyroid gland and the tongue.

Question 19

What is the thryoglossal duct?

Answer 19

this is an embryological anatomical structure forming an open connection between the initial area of development of the thyroid gland and its final position

Question 20

How is lymphoma classified?

Answer 20

Hodgkin vs Non Hodgkin

Question 21

Which type of Lymphoma is most common?

Answer 21

NHL

Question 22

What are the traumatic cause of neck lumps?

Answer 22

Aneurysm
Dissection
Heamatoma
Air emphysema

Question 23

What are the infective causes of neck lumps?

Answer 23

Bacteria: odontogenic infection, syphilis
Viral: cat scratch, viral resp infection
Protozoa: toxoplasmosis

Question 24

What are the inflammatory causes of neck lumps?

Answer 24

Sialadentitis

Sarcoidosis

Felty syndrome

Question 25

When would you do surgery for the neck lump?

Answer 25

``` Large mass>5cm Retro sterna, Cancer risk Compression Endocrine ```

Question 26

Tender lymph nodes, soft and discrete suggest what?

Answer 26

Inflammation

Question 27

Chronic infections give what type of lymph node?

Answer 27

Firm

Question 28

Malignant lymph nodes are?

Answer 28

Firm Increasing in size Fixed

Question 29

Matted or rubbery lymph modes suggest what?

Answer 29

Leukaemia

Question 30

Diffuse neck swelling is caused by?

Answer 30

Infection Oedema Heamatoma Surgical emphysema

Question 31

In which neck triangle are most diseases detected ?

Answer 31

Anterior because nodes in this site drain most of the head and neck

Question 32

What are the acquired causes of neck lumps?

Answer 32

``` Trauma Inefective Inflam Iatrogenic Neoplasm Metabolic Automminume n ```