Neck Lumps Flashcards
How can neck lumps be broadly classified in terms of malignancy?
Benign or malignant
What are causes of malignant neck lumps?
Salivary gland
Lymphoma
Metastatic
Thyroid
What are the causes of benign neck lumps?
Salivary gland Infection Thyroid nodule congenital Lymphoid
What does the term regional neck lump examination?
Neck lumps may be midline or laterally on the neck
What does a neck lump laterally more likely indicate?
Parotid gland
Lymph node
Muscles
What does a midline neck lump more likely indicate?
thyroid
What investigations would you do for neck lumps?
radiologial blood microbiology serology cytology histology
What blood tests would you do?
Full blood count
LFT
Thryoid function tests
specific antibodies
What cytological and histoloical investigations would you do?
FNAC Trucut Cell blocks Imprint cytology open biopsy resection
What are the causes of congenital neck lumps?
Lymphangioma Dermoid cyst Thryoglossal cyst Branchial cyst Pharyngeal pouch
What is a lymphangioma?
A harmatoma or benign neoplasm of lymphatic channels that presnets as a colourless and occasoionally nodular mass
Why do lymphangiomas occasionally undergo purplish dicolouration?
bleeding into the lymphatic spaces
What can lymphangiomas cause on the tongue?
Macroglossia
What can lymphangiomas cause on the lip?
Macrochelia
WHat is a dermoid cyst?
a rare developmental cyst that develops in the midline of the FOM. It is doughy
What is a differential diagnois for a dermoid cyst?
Ranula
cystic hygroma
How do you diagnose and treat a dermoid cyst?
aspiration
surgical removal is managment
What is a thyroglossal duct cyst?
this cyst arises from the remnants of the thryoglossal duct and is found in the midline anywhere between the thyroid gland and the tongue.
What is the thryoglossal duct?
this is an embryological anatomical structure forming an open connection between the initial area of development of the thyroid gland and its final position
How is lymphoma classified?
Hodgkin vs Non Hodgkin
Which type of Lymphoma is most common?
NHL
What are the traumatic cause of neck lumps?
Aneurysm
Dissection
Heamatoma
Air emphysema
What are the infective causes of neck lumps?
Bacteria: odontogenic infection, syphilis
Viral: cat scratch, viral resp infection
Protozoa: toxoplasmosis
What are the inflammatory causes of neck lumps?
Sialadentitis
Sarcoidosis
Felty syndrome
When would you do surgery for the neck lump?
Large mass>5cm Retro sterna, Cancer risk Compression Endocrine
Tender lymph nodes, soft and discrete suggest what?
Inflammation
Chronic infections give what type of lymph node?
Firm
Malignant lymph nodes are?
Firm
Increasing in size
Fixed
Matted or rubbery lymph modes suggest what?
Leukaemia
Diffuse neck swelling is caused by?
Infection
Oedema
Heamatoma
Surgical emphysema
In which neck triangle are most diseases detected ?
Anterior because nodes in this site drain most of the head and neck
What are the acquired causes of neck lumps?
Trauma Inefective Inflam Iatrogenic Neoplasm Metabolic Automminume n
