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Oral Med > Drug Reactions > Flashcards

Drug Reactions Flashcards

0
Q

How can you classify adverse drug reactions?

A

Type A: intolerance and side effects: dose dependant and predictable
Type B: idiosyncratic effect
Type C: chronic effect

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1
Q

What are the two categories of adverse drug reactions?

A

Drug induced illnesses

Drug drug interactions

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2
Q

What are the 8 features of adverse drug reactions?

A 
Over dose
Intolerance
Idiosyncrasy
Side effect
Teratogenic 
Hypersensitivy
Drug interactions
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3
Q

How dose a drug overdose occur?

A

Ingestion or application of a drug in quantities greater than are recommended

May lead to death

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4
Q

What is the max dose of aspirin in 24hours?

A

4g

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5
Q

What are the signs of aspirin overdose?

A 
Tinnitus 
Deafness
Hyperventilation 
Sweating 
coma
Reye's syndrome
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6
Q

What is Reye’s syndrome?

A 
Causes liver and brain damage
Persistant vomiting 
Loss of energy
Delerium and mood changes 
Drowsiness
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7
Q

How do you treat aspirin overdose?

A

Gastric lavage
Activated charcoal
Sodium bicarbonate and hameodialysis if severe

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8
Q

What is the max dose of paracetamol in 24 hours?

A

4g

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9
Q

What are the signs of paracetamol over dose?

A 
Nausea and vomiting
Encephalopathy 
Hypoglycaemia 
Cerebral oedema
Death 
Hameorrhage
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10
Q

How do you treat paracetamol overdose?

A

Gastric lavage
Activated charcoal
Liver transplant
Parvolex

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11
Q

What are the signs of opioid toxicity?

A 
Sedation
Unresponsive nausea
Myoclonus jerks
Low RR
Constricted pupils
Hypotension
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12
Q

What is the antidote for opioids?

A

Naloxone

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13
Q

What is intolerance? Which factors may predispose to intolerance?

A

A lower threshold to the normal pharmacological action of a drug

Associated with age and renal and hepatic impairment

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14
Q

What is idiosyncrasy?

A

Abnormal refrain to a drug to an abnormality of the individual

Eg lack of enzyme

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15
Q

What are side effects?

A

Undesirable action of a drug

16
Q

What are secondary effects?

A

Unwanted and indirect consequence of taking a drug

17
Q

When are foetus most at risk from teratogenic effects?

A

First trimester

18
Q

What is a hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Immunologically mediated reaction characterised by specificity and recurrence on re exposure

19
Q

What is the Gell and Cloombs classification?

A

Hypersensitivy

1-4

20
Q

What are the features of hypersensitivity type 1?

Name examples

A

Immediate
IgE mediated
Degranulation of mast cells

Eg asthma, anaphylaxis

21
Q

What are the features of hypersensitivity type 2?

Name examples

A

Antibody antigen mediated
IgM/G

Graves’ disease and drug induced thrombocytopenia

22
Q

What are the features of hypersensitivity type 3?

Name examples

A

Immune complex mediated

Immune complexes deposit in tissues

Eg rheumatoid arthritis , SLE

23
Q

What are the features of hypersensitivity type 4?

Name examples

A

Delayed type

T helper cells sensitised resulting in macrophage and Tcyto accumulation

GvHD

24
Q

What are drug interactions?

A

When one drug is modified by another

25
Q

What are the drug causes of oral ulceration?

A

Olanzipine
R
Alendronate
Losartan

sUlphonamides
L
Cytotoxic, clarithromycin, captopril, cocaine
sErataline inhibitors 
pRotease inhibitors 
A
T
Immunosuppresants
I
O
NSAIDs nicorandil
26
Q

What drugs are associated with EM?

A

Antibiotics: penicillins, hydantoins, tetracyclines, clindamicin

Anti hypertensives: verampiril, minoxidil

Pain and CNS: barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, codeine

OCP

27
Q

How can drugs affect the salivary glands?

A

Xerostomia
Hyper salivation
Pain
Swellings

28
Q

Which drugs can cause xerostomia?

A 
Antocholinergics
Antidepressants
Antipsychotic
Anti hypertensives
Antihistamine
Antimuscarinic
Diuretics

Benzodiazepines and opiates

29
Q

Which drugs are associated with hyper salivation?

A

Anticholinesterases

Clozapine

30
Q

Which drugs cause salivary gland swelling?

A 
ACCI
Antihypertensives
CHX
Cytotoxic
Iodides
31
Q

What drugs are associated with mucosal pigmentation?

A 
CHX
Betel
Gold
Amlgam
OCP
Anticonvulsants 
Antimalarial
32
Q

Which drugs are associated with gingival hyperplasia?

A

Calcium channel blockers
Phenytoin
Ciclosprorin
OCP

33
Q

Which drugs are associated with involuntary facial movements?

A 
LPC
Lithium 
L dopa
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
34
Q

Which drugs are associated with Trigeminal Parasthesia?

A

VAALP

Vincristine 
Articaine
Acetelozamide
Labetol
Protease inhibitor
35
Q

Which drugs can cause halitosis?

A 
ABC
Anti thyroid
Biguanides
Baclofen
Captopril
Calcitonin
Metronidazole
36
Q

Which drugs can lead to angioedema?

A

Ace inhibitors
Captopril
Clindamicin

Oral Med (31 decks)

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