Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Oral Med > Immunodeficiency > Flashcards

Immunodeficiency Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two categories of immunodeficiency?

A

Acquired and congential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which out of acquired and congenital causes of immunodef is more rare?

A

congenital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is an example of congenital causes of immunodef?

A

wiskott-aldrich syndrome

cyclic neutrpaenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is wiskott aldrich syndrome?

A

x linked recessive disease asscioated with exczema, bloody diorrhoea, thrombocytopaenia and immunnodef

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is cyclic neutropaenia?

A

absolute reduction in circulating neutrophils
cyclic depression in neutrophils from the blood and bone marrow
AD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of cyclic neutropaenia?

A

fever, malaise, lymphadeonpathy, infections and oral ulcers on non keratinzed tissue, prone to sevre perio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are acquired conditions associated with Immunosuppression?

A 
steroid therapy
malignancy
chemotherapy
organ transplant
Viral: HIV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which cells are affected in immunodef?

A

t cells
b cells
plasma cells
mixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the normal range for neutrophils?

A

2.0-7.5 x 10^9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what do activated lymphocytres produce and what is this product used for?

A

lymphokines

used to activate macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which organisms are macrophages mostly involved fighting against?

A

mycobacteria
fungi
viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which types of diseases would be treated with immunosupressive therapy?

A

lymphopoliferative neoplasms
transplant recipients
connective tissue diseases
autoimmine diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which immunosupressive agents are there and what are their side effects?

A 
Corticosteriods: multiple system issues
Cicllosporin: nephro/hep/tox and gingival hper
Tacroliumus: cardiomyopathy
Myocphenalate: marrow supression
Azothioprine: marrow supression
Cylcophsohamide: marrow supression
Colchicine: amrrow supression
Dapsone: hameolysis
Thalidomide: ATNF teratogenic and neurotoxic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the side effects of steroids?

A 
predisposition to diabetes
wieght gain
increased susceptibilty to oppurtunitics infections and cataracts
hypertension
osteoporosis
adrenal supression
gastric ulceration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the dental implications of steroid usage?

A 
hypotensive crisis
underlying disease process
oppurtunistic infections
delayed healing
osteroporosis
avoid NSAID and aspirin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how can a steroid crisis arise?

A

HPA axis becomes supressed by long term steriod usage, during periods of stress body fails to cope and goes into shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What effect do chemotherapeutics have on the bone marrow?

A

they cause bone marow supression, leukopaenia,

anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, neutropaneia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what should all patients prior to having chemo have?

A

dental screen, get rid of any hopeless teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

in the immunocompromised pt if neutrophil count is less than ? what should you do?

A

if likely to induce a bacteriamia and if less than 1.5 x 10^9 need to give antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

when is the best time to treat pateints undergoing chemoitherapy?

A 
just before chemo
just after (2-3) days

ALWAYS CHECK PLATELET AND NEUTROPHIL COUNT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what type of bone marrow transplants exist?

A

stem cell transplant

Bone marrow transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

when are stem cell transplants used?

A

high dose chemo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

when are bone marrow transplants used?

A

treatment of some malignancies and genetic disorder eg sickle cell anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are people following bone marrow transplants susceptible to getting?

A

GvHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is GvHD?

A

people that have undergone an allogenic BMT
HLA matched donor used to replace BM in recipient
if HLA not exact then recipeint develops GvHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what types of GvHD are there?

A

acute and chronic
acute occurs within 100 days of allogenic BMT
(50%) of epople will develop this
CHronic is after 100days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are the symptoms of acute GvHD?

A

GI problems, skin rash, livr problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are the symptoms of chronic GvHD?

A

white reticulated lesions, candida, burning mouth and xerostomia

29
Q

how do you manage GvHD?

A

good HLA matching
immunosupressives
PUVA (Psoralen and UV therapy)on cutanous lesions

30
Q

when should treatment be performed in patients that have had BMT?

A

avoid treatment within the first three months following transplant
after three months, use ab if likely to induce bacteramia

31
Q

what is a viral cause of immunodef?

A

HIV

32
Q

what is HIV?

A

a progressive disease impairing the function of the CD4 helper cells

33
Q

which receptor does HIV bind onto on the CD4 cells?

A

gp120

34
Q

what are the lase symptoms of HIV?

A 
weight loss
lethargy
malaise
night sweats
diarrhoea
poor apaetite
35
Q

what three incfections can occur once the CD4 count drops below 200?

A

CMV
toxoplasmosis
Pneumocysitis pneumonia

36
Q

what is different about pneumocystis pneumonia compared to other types of pneumonia?

A

caused by fungua

usually pneumocysistis jiroveci

37
Q

what other fungal infection is seen i people with HIV?

A

oesophageal candida

38
Q

what are the symptoms of oesophageal candida

A

sore throat
dysphagia
restrosternal pain

39
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of pneumocysitisis pneuomnia

A

fatigue
cough
dysponea

40
Q

what is the normal CD4 count in health?

A

> 600mm^3

41
Q

what is AIDS?

A

when CD4 count is less than 200mm^3

42
Q

WHat are the 5 groups of drugs used to manage HIV?

A

Non nuceloside reverse transcirpatse inhibitors work
protease inhibitors
Nucleoside reverse transcripatse inhibitors
Fusion inhibitors
integrase inhibitors

43
Q

how do NRTI work?

A

prevent HIV from copying its geentic materal

44
Q

how do protease inhibitors work?

A

they prevent HIV from assembling its orotective coat before they leave CD4 cell

45
Q

how do NNRTI?

A

similar to NRTI but fewer side effects

46
Q

when are fusion inhibitors used?

A

used for those whose disease is no lonfger managed by other drugs

47
Q

how do integrase inhibitors work?

A

they prevent HIV inserting viral DNA into host DNA since integrase is one of the three enzymes it needs to replicate

48
Q

which antifungals can you consider in patients with HIV for prophylaxis against infection?

A

not really advised to but can give

fluconazole and itraconazole

49
Q

which antivirals can you consider in patients with HIV for prophylaxis against infection?

A

FAG
foscarnet
aciclovir
ganciclovir

50
Q

which antibacterials can you consider in patients with HIV for prophylaxis against infection?

A

septrin and pentamidine

51
Q

which anti TB can you consider in patients with HIV for prophylaxis against infection?

A

RIES

rifampicin
isonizid
ethamputal
streptomycin

52
Q

which infections are people with HIV predisposed to?

A

viral
fungal
mycobacterial

53
Q

which neoplasms are people with HIV predisposed to?

A

kaposis sarcoma

lymphoma

54
Q

which autoimmune diseases are people wtih HIV predisposed to?

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

55
Q

what are the common extra oral manifestations of HIV?

A 
cervical lymph node enlargement
salivary gland enlargement
skin disorders (molluscum contagiosum, dermatitis, papillomas, zoster)
56
Q

what are the common I/O manifestations of HIV?

A 
candida
hairy leukoplakia
kaposi sarcoma
ulceration
ANUG
papillomas
Non hodgkin
57
Q

how do you treat candida in patients with HIV?

A

if CD4 count less than 250 use systemic

58
Q

how do you treat kaposis sarcoma?

A

local radiotherapy
intralesional chemi
systemic chemo
combination therapy

59
Q

which periodontal diseases are associated with HIV?

A

linear gingival erythema
NUG
NUP

60
Q

What is the two causative agents in hairy leukoplakia in HIV?

A

HIV and EBV

61
Q

What can you give to the patient to try and resolve the hairy leukoplakia?

A

Systemic aciclovir

62
Q

How does hairy leukoplakia resolve in HIV?

A

Following HAART

63
Q

What are the names of the protease inhibitors?

A

Saquinivir
Ritonivir
Indinvir
Nelfanivir

64
Q

What are the NRTIs?

A 
AZ is a DLS
AZT
Zalciatbine
Didanosine
Lamuvidine
Stavudine
65
Q

Name the NNRTI

A

Efavirenz

Nevirapine

66
Q

Name the fusion inhibitors

A

Enfuviritide

Maraviroc

67
Q

What is the name of the intefrase inhibitor?

A

Raltefravir

68
Q

Which agent is implicated in HIV gingivitis and perio?

A

CMV

69
Q

What are the oral complications of human stem cell transplant?

A 
Mucosots
Infection 
Ulceration (neutropenia)
Bleeding
Hypos
Hypo salivation 
Malignancy

Oral Med (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions