medical emergencies

Question 1

What does SBAR stand for?

Answer 1

Situation
Background
Assessment/action
repsonse

Question 2

What is a steroid crisis?

Answer 2

Caused by def in glucocorticoids (cortisol) and lesser extent mineralocortocid (aldosterone)

physiological demand exceeds ability to be produced

Question 3

What is a common cause for steroid crisis?

Answer 3

People on long term steroids with sudden withdrawl

HPA axis can longer cope in stressful sitiuations as adrenal glrands have shrunk

Question 4

What factors may precipitate a steroid crisis?

Answer 4

Minor infections
injury
surgery
GA
Burns

Question 5

How does a steroid crisis preset?

Answer 5

Hypotension (postral
weak
confused
pyrexia
rapid weak pulse
abdominal pain
possible seizures

Question 6

How do you manage steroid crisis?

Answer 6

Lay flat and raise leg
O2
200mg Hydrocortisone (IV)
FLuids and IV
Amulance

Question 7

What are the causes of syncope?

Answer 7

LACK OF O2 TO BRAIN

hypotension
Overstimulation of CN9
pain
anxiety
fatigue
fasting

Question 8

what are the sigs of syncope?

Answer 8

pallor
sweating
cold clammy hands
weak pulse becomes full

Question 9

How do you manage syncope?

Answer 9

loosen any tight clothing
lay flat
rasie legs
sweet drink
oxygen

Question 10

What is choking?

Answer 10

airway obstruction

Question 11

What are the signs of choling?

Answer 11

Pardoxical breathing]
coughing
spluttering
wheeze.strisodr
cysnosis

Question 12

How do you manage choking?

Answer 12

5 back slaps

5 abdominal thrusts

Question 13

WHat o medical emergiencies could occur in diabetic pateints?

Answer 13

hypoglyacamia

hyperglycaemia

Question 14

What are the features of hypoglycamia?

Answer 14

rapid onset
irratable
sweating
fitting
blood glucose of less than 3 mmol

Question 15

What are the signs of hyperglycaemia?

Answer 15

slow onset
dry mouth
dowsy
weak pulse
ketoacidodses
Blood glucose of more than 10

Question 16

How do you treat a hypoglyacamic pateint?

Answer 16

Glucose tables/drink
50ml 50% Glucose IV
SC glucagon 1mg

Question 17

What are the warnging signs for epilspesy?

Answer 17

pre aura
Tonic clonic fitting
incontent
unconcscious

Question 18

What are the predisposing factors for epilepsy?

Answer 18

Hunger
alcohol
external stimulants
TCA

Question 19

How do you manage fits in epilepsy?

Answer 19

give O2

Question 20

What is status epilepticus?

Answer 20

a fit lasting for more than 30mins

high mortality (20%)
once siezure persits for more than five mins give 10mg midazolam repeat if no recovery after 10 mins

Question 21

How do you manage angina/cardio problems?

Answer 21

MONA
morphine
oxygen
nitrates
aspririn (300mg)

Question 22

What are the signs of cardia event?

Answer 22

sharp chest pain
Shallow breaths
Tachycardic, hypotensive, peripheral oedma

Question 23

How do you manage anaphylaxia?

Answer 23

IM 1:1000 adrenaline repeat after 5 mins

if less then 6: 150mcg
if more than 6: 300mcg
if more than 12: 500mcg (o.5ml)

give IV fluids(500-1000ml)

Question 24

What are the signs of anaphylaxis?

Answer 24

airway: horsevoice, stridor, tongue swelling
Breathing: SOB, increased RR, wheeze, cynanosis
Circulation: pale clammy, tachycardic, hypotensive, cardia arrest
D: impendind doom
Exposure: hives, skin and mucosal changes, lip swelling

Question 25

What is anaphylaxis?

Answer 25

life threatenng hypersensitivty reaction characterised by rapid changes in ABC

Question 26

How do you manage asthmatic attacks?

Answer 26

Oxygen
5mg nebulised salbutamol
40-50mg oral prednisalone
ipratropium bromide: 0.5mg
hospital

Question 27

What is one serious risk of asthmatic attack?

Answer 27

tension pneumothroax which maybe bilateral
this is caused by a build up of air within the pleural space which pushes on the lungs andprevents venous resturn to heart

Question 28

How do you perorm chest compressions?

Answer 28

30:2
centre of chest
5-6cm deep
uninterrrupted