Liver Diseases Flashcards
What are the three causes of jaundice?
prehepatic
hepatocellular
posthepatic
what are the causes of prehepatic jaundice?
increased rate of heamolysis
anaemia
thallasemia
G6PD deficiency
what are the causes of heapatoceullar jaundice?
acute or chronic hepatits, cirhosis, carcinoma
what are the causes of post hepatic jaundice?
disruption in the biliary system
what is jaundice?
yellow pigmentation of skin/mucous membranes/eyes caused by bilirubin accumalation
what are the causes of viral hepatitis?
hepatitis A, B, C, D, E
what is the transmission for hepatitis A?
feaco-oral route, no chronic disease and rarely fatal
what is the transmission route for hep B?
sexual and blood
hepadnaevirus
chronic hepatitis may develop due to immunologically mediated hepatocytes necrosis by CD8 cells
what is the transmission route for hep C?
blood
chronic hepatitis develops in 50%of cases
what is the transmission route for Hep D?
This is only transmitted via co-infection with Hep B
this will alter the course of Hep B
what is a major risk when there is co-infection of B with D?
may get fulminant hepatitis
liver failure within 8 weeks of infection
Increase mortality
What is the transmission for Hep E?
infection os via enteric route
bad in preganancy bt otherwise no problem
which hepatitis viruses are the worse?
Hep B and C
can lead to HCC and cirrohsis (greater chance with C)
Which hepatitis have vaccines?
A and B
B vaccine protects against D
what is acute hepatitis? WHat percentage of people develop chronic hep?
hepatic failure within 2-3 weeks
80%
what is a chronic carrier?
diseases for more than 6 months
Which autoimmune diseases can cause hepatitis?
Primary biliary cirrhosis
primary sclerosing cholangitis
Which genetic diseases cause hepatitis?
Wilsons disease
Haematochromosis
What is liver cirrhosis?
irreversible destruction of the liver structure leading to fibrosis and nodule formation
cell death and transformation to stellate cells
which orofacial features are associated with liver disease?
Swellling of the salivary glands
spider naevi
what are the implications of liver disease for dentists?
disordered clotting more prone to infections poor healing hypotensive hepatic encephalopathy means brain more sensitive to analgesics and sedtives liver transplant metabolism of drugs
WHat is hepatic encepahalopathy?
this is caused by the actions of bacteria in the gut on protein which are broken down to release amines and ammonia.
liver does not remove these and they reach the brain acting as false neurotransmitters
What is primary biliary cirrhosis? which diseases is it seen with?
seen in middle aged women
destruction of the intrahepatic bile duct
associated with coelics and sjrogens
AI
What is primary scleroising cholangitis?
AI
middle aged men
destruction of intra and extrahepatic bile ducts
