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Oral Med > Oral manifestations of disorders of specific systems > Flashcards

Oral manifestations of disorders of specific systems Flashcards

1
Q

Which autoimmune diseases of the head and neck diseases are there?

A 
SLE
Sjrogens
Wegners
Sarcoidosis
Pemphigus
Pemphigoid
Graves disease
Scleroderma
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2
Q

Sjrogens disease is more common in males. T/F

A

F

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3
Q

What are the two types of sjrogens disease?

A

primary and secondary

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4
Q

What is primary sjrogens disease?

A

Sjrogens disease which affects only the lacrimal and saliavry glands

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5
Q

Which autantibodies are present in sjrogens?

A

RF (IgG against IgM)
SSA
SSB

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6
Q

Which type of sjorgens has more SSB?

A

primary

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7
Q

WHich type os sjrogens has a greater risk of lymphoma?

A

Primary

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8
Q

Where is a sjrogen like disease seenN

A

GvHD

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9
Q

What is wegners granulomatosis?

A

This is an incurable vasculitis which reduced tissue perfusion

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10
Q

Where is mainly affcted by wgeners granulomatosis?

A

nose, oral cavity, sinuses, lungs, kidneys

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11
Q

What if the intra-oral appearance of Wegners granulomatosis?

A

mashed up strawberries

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12
Q

How do you treat wegners?

A

long term immunosupression

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13
Q

Which antibodies are detected in wegeners?

A

ANCA

antineurotropic cytoplasmic AB

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14
Q

What is long term complication of Wegners?

A

multisystem organ failure

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15
Q

Name some endocrine diseases

A 
Acromegaly
Diabetes
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypoadrenocortisms
Pregnancy
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16
Q

What is homeostatic mechanism involved in acromegaly?

A

GHRH (growth hormone releasing hrome secreted into blood from hypothalmus to ant pit)
GHRH cuases Ant pit to release GH in pulsatile manner
GHIH released from hypothalamus inhhibits secretion of GH from pit

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17
Q

What is the name of the portal system involved in the Growth hormone production?

A

hypophyseal portal system

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18
Q

What are the features of acromegaly?

A 
Cardiomegaly
spade like hands
sexual dysfunction
large jaw
interdentalspacing
diabetes
osteoporosis
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19
Q

How do you treat acromegaly?

A

somatostin analgoues

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20
Q

What is diabetes?

A

B cell dysfunction or insulin resistance

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21
Q

What is diabetes?

A

Random blood glucose of more then 11mmol/l

fasting blood glucose of more than 7 mmol/l

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22
Q

What is hyperparthyoidism?

A

when too much PTH is produced

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23
Q

What is the function of PTH?

A

regulation of calcium and phosphate level

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24
Q

What are the three types of hyperparathyroidism?

A

primary: hyperfunction of the glands (increased PTH, inc CA)
secondary: increase PTH due to hypocalcamia (inc PTH, low Ca)
tertiary: longterm secondary leads to tertiary: these people develp hyperplasia of the parathyorid glands (high PTH, Ca)

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25
Q

What other feature do people with hyperparathyroidsm suffer from?

A

Chronic renal failure

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26
Q

What features exist of hyperparathyroidism?

A 
Stones,bones and abdominal groans 
Epulis
calcification
peptic ulcer
muscular atrophy
renal failure
osteieits fibrosa cystica
sull decalcifcation
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27
Q

What is the action of PTH in the body?

A

inceases bone resorption
increases ca resorption from GI
increases ca resorption from kidneys
decreases phosphate reabsortption

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28
Q

what is hypoparathyroidisdm?

A

decreased production of PTH leading to low levels of calcium

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29
Q

what are the symptoms of hypoparathyroissm?

A

MABS PHFWAL

Muscle twitching
arrhythmias
bone pain
stridor
fatigue
paraesthesia
head ache
weight gain
loss of hair
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30
Q

What is trousseaus sign and what is it indicative of?l

A

low calcium
caused when a blood pressure cuff is placed around the arm and inflated greater than the systolic BP
spasm of the arm

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31
Q

What is the chovstek sign? What is it indicative of?

A

low calcium
less sensitive than troussaeus sign
Abnormal reaction of facial nerve.

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32
Q

How do you tests for Chovstek sign?

A

When masseter is tapped at angle of mandible all muscles on that same side will contract

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33
Q

WHat are the causes of hypoparathyroidism?

A

primary due to thrypid disease

secondary due to pituitary dysfunction

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34
Q

What GI problems exist?

A 
Crohns
UC
Liver
GORD
Perncious anaemia
Peutz Jeger
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35
Q

What is crohns disease?

A

Non specific inflammatory bowel disease of unknown aetiology

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36
Q

What part of the GI can it affect?

A

Mouth to anus ileum most common (this is where B12 is absorbed)

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37
Q

What is the prevenlanece of crohns?

A

2-6/100000

Jews

38
Q

What are the signs and symtpoms of crohns?

A 
iron, foolate, B12 defeiecneiy
lip swelling
diorrhoea
cramps
weight loss
mucosal tags
perio-oral sweeling
39
Q

What is the histology behind crohns?

A 
FUNES
Focal and diffuse lymphoid infiltration
Ulceration-Undermined edges
Non caseating epitheloid granulomatous 
Endovasal granulomatous lymphangigitis
Submucosal Oedema and lymphangietasia
40
Q

What is coelia disease?

A

Gluten sensitive enteropathy

41
Q

What is the test for Coeliac?

A

ATTG (more than 10, than dont have coelic)

42
Q

What is UC?

A

Chronic idiopathic inflam bowel disease

43
Q

Where does UC affect?

A

rectum and colon

44
Q

What GI signs are there in UC?

A

Linera ulcers
inflamation in mucosa only compared with Crohns where inflammation affects all layers of gut
polypoid appearance

45
Q

What haematological diseases are there?

A 
THALLM
Thalassemia
Hamatinic def
Amyloidosis
Leukamia
Lymphoma
Multiple myeloma
46
Q

What is Amyloidosis?

A

myeloid proteins abnormally deposited into organs and tissues

47
Q

what are the symptoms of Amyloidosis?

A

dependant upon which tissues the myeloid proteins are deposited in

48
Q

WHat are the types of amyloidosis?

A

primary

secondary

49
Q

what is primary amyloid?

A

arises from a disease where there is abnormal immune cell function eg chronic myeloma

50
Q

What is secondary amyloid?

A

complication of chronic inflamm or tissue destruction

51
Q

What is the histopathalogy behind amyloidosis?

A

Histopath shows

cross-beta sheet structure identified with apple-green biofreingence

52
Q

What stain is needed to identify meyloid proteins in amyloidosis?

A

congo red and polarized light

53
Q

What other disease is associated with meyloid proteins?

A

alzheimers

54
Q

What is a syptom of myeloid depoitition in the tongue?

A

Macroglossia

55
Q

What is Leukaemia?

A

Clonal proliferation of malignant blood cells which are derived from haemopoietic stem cells within the bone marrow

56
Q

How does leukaemia cause blood problems?

A

the malignant cells suppress production of normal healthy cells

57
Q

What are the symptoms of leukaemia?

A 
shortness of breath
Muscular weakness
bone and joint pain
Night sweats
lymph node swelling
58
Q

What is lymphoma?

A

cancer of lymphatic system

59
Q

What types of lymphoma exist?

A

hodgkin and non hodkins

60
Q

What age group is mainly affected by lymphoma?

A

30-55

61
Q

Where can lymphoma affect the mouth?

A

waldeyers ring: tongue and palate

more commonly non hodkins in mouth

62
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of lymphoma?

A 
Painless swelling in the neck/armpit/groin
fever and sweating
loss of appetite, weight loss
cough and breathlessness
itchy 
tired
63
Q

what is multiple myeloma?

A

A cancer of plasma cells which produce antibodies

64
Q

What happens to the plasma cells in myeloma?

A

they grow out of control and form tumours within bone marrow

this makes it harder for the healthy bone marrow to produce blood cells

65
Q

What is the demographics of multiple myeloma?

A

African american

M>F

66
Q

WHat are the signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma?

A 
Bleeding
anaemia
infection
bone paon
numbness and weakness
pathological bone fractyres
67
Q

What mediations will people suffering from multiple myeloma take?

A

chemotherapeutics and bisphosphonates

68
Q

What are the types of immunological diseases are there?

A

HIV
Langerhands cells histiocytosis
Myasthina gravis
wegners

69
Q

What is langerhans cells histiocytosis?

A

clonal proliferation of langerhans cells

70
Q

what is the demogrpahics of langerhans cell histio?

A

M.F 2;1

1-15 years old

71
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of langerhans cell histio?

A 
non specific immune inflam response
fever
weightloss
lethargy
bone swellings and pain
akin rash and scalp eruptions
72
Q

What percentage of people with Langerhans cells histiocytosis have enlarged lymph?

A

50%

73
Q

What percentage of people with Langerhans cells histiocytosis have enlarged spleen?

A

30%

74
Q

What percentage of people with Langerhans cells histiocytosis have enlarged liver?

A

20%

75
Q

how do you treat langer hans cells histio?

A

chemotherapy

if solitary lesions then excision or radiotherapy

76
Q

What is myasthnia gravis?

A

AI

neuromuscular disease

77
Q

What is the pothology behing Myasthnia?

A

autoanitbodies block the acetylcholine receptors and post syna[tic NMJ

78
Q

What are the signs and myasthnia?

A

muscle weakenss fluctuating

fatigue

79
Q

How do you manage myasthenia?

A

immunosuppressants and anticholinsterase inhibitors

80
Q

How does UC presnt in the mouth?

A

Pyostomatitis vegetans
Apthous type ulcer
Atypical ulcer

81
Q

What is coeliac disease?

A

Gluten sensitive enteropthy
Which starts in childhood after weaning
Loss of villi which leads to malabsorption

82
Q

T/F people with coeliac suffer from fatty stools?

A

T

Steatorrhoea

83
Q

T/F people with coeliac suffer from Apthous ulcer?

A

T

84
Q

What are the oral manifestation of coeliac disease?

A

Apthous stomatis
Dermatitis herpetiformis
GORD

85
Q

How can upper GI maligancy present?

A 
Chronic GI bleeding
Dysphagia
Progressive unintentional weight loss
Persistent vomiting
Iron def anameia 
Epigastric mass
86
Q

What are the oral manifestation of malabsorption conditions?

A

Atrophic glossitis
Angular chelitis
Apthous ulcer
Dysaesthesia

87
Q

What are the systemic signs and symptoms of tuberculosis ?

A

Night sweats
Fever
Weight loss
Blood tinged sputum

88
Q

Which stains are used in tuberculosis?

A

Ziehl neelson or Fite stains

89
Q

What does biopsy of TB show?

A

Granulomatous inflammation with Largerhans giant cells

90
Q

Which media is needed to identity mycobacterium in samples?

A

Lowenstein jensens with a prolonged incubation period

Oral Med (31 decks)

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