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Oral manifestations of disorders of specific systems Flashcards

1
Q

Which autoimmune diseases of the head and neck diseases are there?

A 
SLE
Sjrogens
Wegners
Sarcoidosis
Pemphigus
Pemphigoid
Graves disease
Scleroderma
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2
Q

Sjrogens disease is more common in males. T/F

A

F

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3
Q

What are the two types of sjrogens disease?

A

primary and secondary

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4
Q

What is primary sjrogens disease?

A

Sjrogens disease which affects only the lacrimal and saliavry glands

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5
Q

Which autantibodies are present in sjrogens?

A

RF (IgG against IgM)
SSA
SSB

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6
Q

Which type of sjorgens has more SSB?

A

primary

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7
Q

WHich type os sjrogens has a greater risk of lymphoma?

A

Primary

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8
Q

Where is a sjrogen like disease seenN

A

GvHD

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9
Q

What is wegners granulomatosis?

A

This is an incurable vasculitis which reduced tissue perfusion

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10
Q

Where is mainly affcted by wgeners granulomatosis?

A

nose, oral cavity, sinuses, lungs, kidneys

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11
Q

What if the intra-oral appearance of Wegners granulomatosis?

A

mashed up strawberries

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12
Q

How do you treat wegners?

A

long term immunosupression

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13
Q

Which antibodies are detected in wegeners?

A

ANCA

antineurotropic cytoplasmic AB

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14
Q

What is long term complication of Wegners?

A

multisystem organ failure

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15
Q

Name some endocrine diseases

A 
Acromegaly
Diabetes
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypoadrenocortisms
Pregnancy
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16
Q

What is homeostatic mechanism involved in acromegaly?

A

GHRH (growth hormone releasing hrome secreted into blood from hypothalmus to ant pit)
GHRH cuases Ant pit to release GH in pulsatile manner
GHIH released from hypothalamus inhhibits secretion of GH from pit

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17
Q

What is the name of the portal system involved in the Growth hormone production?

A

hypophyseal portal system

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18
Q

What are the features of acromegaly?

A 
Cardiomegaly
spade like hands
sexual dysfunction
large jaw
interdentalspacing
diabetes
osteoporosis
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19
Q

How do you treat acromegaly?

A

somatostin analgoues

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20
Q

What is diabetes?

A

B cell dysfunction or insulin resistance

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21
Q

What is diabetes?

A

Random blood glucose of more then 11mmol/l

fasting blood glucose of more than 7 mmol/l

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22
Q

What is hyperparthyoidism?

A

when too much PTH is produced

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23
Q

What is the function of PTH?

A

regulation of calcium and phosphate level

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24
Q

What are the three types of hyperparathyroidism?

A

primary: hyperfunction of the glands (increased PTH, inc CA)
secondary: increase PTH due to hypocalcamia (inc PTH, low Ca)
tertiary: longterm secondary leads to tertiary: these people develp hyperplasia of the parathyorid glands (high PTH, Ca)

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25
What other feature do people with hyperparathyroidsm suffer from?
Chronic renal failure
26
What features exist of hyperparathyroidism?
``` Stones,bones and abdominal groans Epulis calcification peptic ulcer muscular atrophy renal failure osteieits fibrosa cystica sull decalcifcation ```
27
What is the action of PTH in the body?
inceases bone resorption increases ca resorption from GI increases ca resorption from kidneys decreases phosphate reabsortption
28
what is hypoparathyroidisdm?
decreased production of PTH leading to low levels of calcium
29
what are the symptoms of hypoparathyroissm?
MABS PHFWAL ``` Muscle twitching arrhythmias bone pain stridor fatigue paraesthesia head ache weight gain loss of hair ```
30
What is trousseaus sign and what is it indicative of?l
low calcium caused when a blood pressure cuff is placed around the arm and inflated greater than the systolic BP spasm of the arm
31
What is the chovstek sign? What is it indicative of?
low calcium less sensitive than troussaeus sign Abnormal reaction of facial nerve.
32
How do you tests for Chovstek sign?
When masseter is tapped at angle of mandible all muscles on that same side will contract
33
WHat are the causes of hypoparathyroidism?
primary due to thrypid disease | secondary due to pituitary dysfunction
34
What GI problems exist?
``` Crohns UC Liver GORD Perncious anaemia Peutz Jeger ```
35
What is crohns disease?
Non specific inflammatory bowel disease of unknown aetiology
36
What part of the GI can it affect?
Mouth to anus ileum most common (this is where B12 is absorbed)
37
What is the prevenlanece of crohns?
2-6/100000 | Jews
38
What are the signs and symtpoms of crohns?
``` iron, foolate, B12 defeiecneiy lip swelling diorrhoea cramps weight loss mucosal tags perio-oral sweeling ```
39
What is the histology behind crohns?
``` FUNES Focal and diffuse lymphoid infiltration Ulceration-Undermined edges Non caseating epitheloid granulomatous Endovasal granulomatous lymphangigitis Submucosal Oedema and lymphangietasia ```
40
What is coelia disease?
Gluten sensitive enteropathy
41
What is the test for Coeliac?
ATTG (more than 10, than dont have coelic)
42
What is UC?
Chronic idiopathic inflam bowel disease
43
Where does UC affect?
rectum and colon
44
What GI signs are there in UC?
Linera ulcers inflamation in mucosa only compared with Crohns where inflammation affects all layers of gut polypoid appearance
45
What haematological diseases are there?
``` THALLM Thalassemia Hamatinic def Amyloidosis Leukamia Lymphoma Multiple myeloma ```
46
What is Amyloidosis?
myeloid proteins abnormally deposited into organs and tissues
47
what are the symptoms of Amyloidosis?
dependant upon which tissues the myeloid proteins are deposited in
48
WHat are the types of amyloidosis?
primary | secondary
49
what is primary amyloid?
arises from a disease where there is abnormal immune cell function eg chronic myeloma
50
What is secondary amyloid?
complication of chronic inflamm or tissue destruction
51
What is the histopathalogy behind amyloidosis?
Histopath shows | cross-beta sheet structure identified with apple-green biofreingence
52
What stain is needed to identify meyloid proteins in amyloidosis?
congo red and polarized light
53
What other disease is associated with meyloid proteins?
alzheimers
54
What is a syptom of myeloid depoitition in the tongue?
Macroglossia
55
What is Leukaemia?
Clonal proliferation of malignant blood cells which are derived from haemopoietic stem cells within the bone marrow
56
How does leukaemia cause blood problems?
the malignant cells suppress production of normal healthy cells
57
What are the symptoms of leukaemia?
``` shortness of breath Muscular weakness bone and joint pain Night sweats lymph node swelling ```
58
What is lymphoma?
cancer of lymphatic system
59
What types of lymphoma exist?
hodgkin and non hodkins
60
What age group is mainly affected by lymphoma?
30-55
61
Where can lymphoma affect the mouth?
waldeyers ring: tongue and palate | more commonly non hodkins in mouth
62
what are the signs and symptoms of lymphoma?
``` Painless swelling in the neck/armpit/groin fever and sweating loss of appetite, weight loss cough and breathlessness itchy tired ```
63
what is multiple myeloma?
A cancer of plasma cells which produce antibodies
64
What happens to the plasma cells in myeloma?
they grow out of control and form tumours within bone marrow | this makes it harder for the healthy bone marrow to produce blood cells
65
What is the demographics of multiple myeloma?
African american | M>F
66
WHat are the signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma?
``` Bleeding anaemia infection bone paon numbness and weakness pathological bone fractyres ```
67
What mediations will people suffering from multiple myeloma take?
chemotherapeutics and bisphosphonates
68
What are the types of immunological diseases are there?
HIV Langerhands cells histiocytosis Myasthina gravis wegners
69
What is langerhans cells histiocytosis?
clonal proliferation of langerhans cells
70
what is the demogrpahics of langerhans cell histio?
M.F 2;1 1-15 years old
71
What are the signs and symptoms of langerhans cell histio?
``` non specific immune inflam response fever weightloss lethargy bone swellings and pain akin rash and scalp eruptions ```
72
What percentage of people with Langerhans cells histiocytosis have enlarged lymph?
50%
73
What percentage of people with Langerhans cells histiocytosis have enlarged spleen?
30%
74
What percentage of people with Langerhans cells histiocytosis have enlarged liver?
20%
75
how do you treat langer hans cells histio?
chemotherapy | if solitary lesions then excision or radiotherapy
76
What is myasthnia gravis?
AI | neuromuscular disease
77
What is the pothology behing Myasthnia?
autoanitbodies block the acetylcholine receptors and post syna[tic NMJ
78
What are the signs and myasthnia?
muscle weakenss fluctuating | fatigue
79
How do you manage myasthenia?
immunosuppressants and anticholinsterase inhibitors
80
How does UC presnt in the mouth?
Pyostomatitis vegetans Apthous type ulcer Atypical ulcer
81
What is coeliac disease?
Gluten sensitive enteropthy Which starts in childhood after weaning Loss of villi which leads to malabsorption
82
T/F people with coeliac suffer from fatty stools?
T | Steatorrhoea
83
T/F people with coeliac suffer from Apthous ulcer?
T
84
What are the oral manifestation of coeliac disease?
Apthous stomatis Dermatitis herpetiformis GORD
85
How can upper GI maligancy present?
``` Chronic GI bleeding Dysphagia Progressive unintentional weight loss Persistent vomiting Iron def anameia Epigastric mass ```
86
What are the oral manifestation of malabsorption conditions?
Atrophic glossitis Angular chelitis Apthous ulcer Dysaesthesia
87
What are the systemic signs and symptoms of tuberculosis ?
Night sweats Fever Weight loss Blood tinged sputum
88
Which stains are used in tuberculosis?
Ziehl neelson or Fite stains
89
What does biopsy of TB show?
Granulomatous inflammation with Largerhans giant cells
90
Which media is needed to identity mycobacterium in samples?
Lowenstein jensens with a prolonged incubation period

Oral Med (31 decks)

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