Radio - Spine

Question 1

Block vertebrae

Answer 1

Fusion of two adjacent vertebrae
(Lacks intervertebral disk)
Usually stable with no clinical signs

Question 2

Developing a Block vertebra

Answer 2

Results of failure of proper segmentation during embryogenesis

Question 3

Partial Block vertebrae

Answer 3

Partial blocking can occur with partial development of vertebral disk

Question 4

Hemivertebrae development

Answer 4

Due to failure of segmentation or malformation or displacement during embryogenesis
OR failure of ossification of vertebral bodies

Question 5

Hemivertebrae common breeds

Answer 5

Boston terriers
English bulldogs
Pugs

Question 6

Hemivertebrae - radio findings

Answer 6

Abnormal shaped vert bodies
Smaller vert bodies
Overall curvature of the spine

Question 7

Butterfly vertebrae

Answer 7

Sagittal cleft vertebra
Failure of fusion of lateral half’s

Question 8

Transitional vertebrae

Answer 8

Anomalous vert formation at junctions of major spinal regions (transitions of regions)

Question 9

Transitional vertebrae junctions

Answer 9

TL junctions
LS junctions
Sacralization of L7
Lumbarization of S1

Question 10

Transitional vertebrae - TL junction

Answer 10

TL junctions
- incomplete or lack of formation of one or both T13 ribs
- ribs formed in place of transverse process on L1

Question 11

Transitional vertebrae - LS junction

Answer 11

LS junctions
Sacralization of L7
- complete for partial fusion of L7 to the body of sacrum
Lumbarization of S1
- development of transverse processes & intervertebral disc between S1 and S2

Question 12

Lordosis

Answer 12

LOW, ventral deviation of spine

Question 13

Kyphosis

Answer 13

Ky high
Dorsal deviation of spine

Question 14

Scoliosis

Answer 14

Lateral deviation of spine

Question 15

Spina bifida

Answer 15

Congenital failure of development of vertebral arch
Splitting of spinous process (radio findings)

Question 16

Spina bifida

Answer 16

Can be associated with neural tube defects

Question 17

Atlantoaxial instability

Answer 17

Increased distance between dorsal spinous process of C2 and dorsal arch C1

Question 18

Radio findings with atlantoaxial instability

Answer 18

Dorsal caudal displacement of C2
Abnormalities in dens (where important ligaments attach)
- fractures
- agenesis
- hypoplasia

Question 19

Dens displacement

Answer 19

Dorsal process of dens can deviate upwards and penetrate or pressure the ventral aspect of the spinal cord

Question 20

Discospondylitis

Answer 20

Infectious disease
Forms in endplates lysis !!! Hallmark feature
sclerosis, intervertebral space can collapse
New bone formation/deformans

Question 21

Hallmark feature of discospondylitis

Answer 21

Inter Endplate lysis

Question 22

Spondylitis

Answer 22

Secondary to infection or tumor
Hallmark - bony proliforation at ventral aspect of ventral body
May involve more than one vertebral body

Question 23

Spondylosis deformans

Answer 23

Clinically insignificant
Age related change in animals
Bony proliferation that extends from one vertebrae to the other - usually ventrally (annulus fibrosis)

Question 24

Vertebral tumor

Answer 24

Will present as an aggressive bony leasing
- osteoclastic or osteolytic
Primary or metastatic

Question 25

Distribution of primary bone tumors

Answer 25

Typically monostotic

Question 26

Polyostotic tumors

Answer 26

Mean they’re usually secondary and metastatic

Question 27

Multiple myeloma

Answer 27

Plasma cell tumor, arises from bone marrow Hallmark feature - multiple moth-eaten lysis Common feature & tumor of the axial skeleton

Question 28

IDD

Answer 28

Intervertebral disc disease

Question 29

Anatomic features of IDD

Answer 29

Annulus - outer layer Nucleus pulposa - inner softer layer Herniation will occur dorsally into the neural canal = paralysis

Question 30

Inter capital ligament

Answer 30

Found in cranial thoracic spine, connects from one rib head to the other. This ligament runs on top of the nucleus pulposus and makes herniation from T1-10 more rare

Question 31

Hall mark for disc herniation

Answer 31

Collapsed intervertebral space Smaller intervertebral foramen (increased olpacity)

Question 32

Shape of vertebrae in IDE

Answer 32

Narrowed /wedged intervertebral disc space in herniation

Question 33

Secondary changes with IDE

Answer 33

Narrowed intervertebral space Sclerosis of adjacent endplates

Question 34

Myelogram

Answer 34

Spinal in subarachnoid space and injecting contrast Can show where spinal cord is = reveal compressive lesion

Question 35

neurologic diseases localized to the brain

Answer 35

Masses Dilated ventricular system (hydrocephalus) Multi focal lesion - inflammatory/infections, hemorrhage Trauma - skull fractures

Question 36

Muscle atrophy in Brian

Answer 36

Denervation and rapid atrophy indicates a nerve sheath tumor

Question 37

Glioma

Answer 37

Inter axial tumors

Question 38

MRI vs ct for brain lesion

Answer 38

MRI are much more sensitive, much less conspicuous in appearance than a CT