Neuropathology 2

Question 1

Vascular diseases

Answer 1

Major lesion is caused by ischemia
Pattern of disease* well-demarcated areas of malacia or hemorrhage
Focal, multi focal or asymmetrical

Question 2

Pathophys of ischemia

Answer 2

Limited storage of glucose and O2 in CNS which relies heavily on fresh arterial blood supply
anything <60% = cellular damage

Question 3

Global decrease in blood flow

Answer 3

Circulatory disorders
Respiratory disease
Toxins that decrease O2 carrying capacity in blood
Local loss of blood flow = thrombus or thromboembolism

Question 4

Thrombus

Answer 4

Occurs w local damage to vessel wall
- vasculitis
- arteriosclerosis (from met disease)

Question 5

Thromboembolus

Answer 5

Occurs when a thrombus develops somewhere else but becomes lodged in cerebral blood vessels
- endocarditis
- tumor emboli
- intracarotid injections

Question 6

Fibrocartilagenous emboli

Answer 6

Nucleus palposus of intervertebral discs
Occulsion of vascular supply leads to infection

Question 7

Ischemic encephalopathy

Answer 7

Occurs as a result of global ischemia
Some brain regions are more susceptible
Hippo>purkinje cells of cerebellum>basal & thalamic nuclei

Question 8

Common occurrence of ischemic encephalopathy

Answer 8

Anesthetic accidents, cardiac arrest, neonatal maladjustment syndrome, severe anemia, hypotension, Hypocalcemia shock

Question 9

Hemorrhage /hematoma

Answer 9

Trauma
Vasculitis/ septicemia
Toxic- metabolic

Question 10

Steroid responsive meningitis arteritis

Answer 10

Beagle pain syndrome
Most common in boxers, Labrador retrievers, Bernese mountain dogs
Underlying disease in excessive IgA production
Acute, relapsing fever, neck pain, potentially ataxia or paresis

Question 11

Steroid responsive meningitis arteritis lesion

Answer 11

Spinal cord - fibrin, lumen of blood vessel
Erlichia can cause Vasculitis in SC

Question 12

Inflammation (infectious or immune mediated)
Entry of infection

Answer 12

Hematogenous
Endothelial infection /infected mononuclear cells
Axonal transport via peripheral nerves
Through the CSF
Through the Cribriform plate

Question 13

Inflammatory (infectious or immune mediated) reaction patterns

Answer 13

Bacteria = neutrophils, abscesses (suppurative)
Intracellular bacteria = macrophages & neutrophils (Pyogranulomatous)
Fungi = granulomatous or Pyogranulomatous
Viruses = perivascular lymphocytes & plasma cells, gliosis
Parasites, protozoa = eosinophilic

Question 14

Listeria lesion

Answer 14

Focal or multi focal abscess with hemorrhagic encephalitis

Question 15

Histophilus somni lesion

Answer 15

Focal or multi focal hemorrhage
Thrombotic meningoencephalitis

Question 16

Viral infection - rabies

Answer 16

Lymphocytic perivascular encephalitis
With inclusion bodies

Question 17

Distemper lesion

Answer 17

Retrovirus that can develop Intranuclear inclusion bodies

Question 18

Cryptococcus lesion

Answer 18

Granulomatous meningitis

Question 19

Diskospondylitis

Answer 19

Abscess of intervertebral discs
Bacteria or fungal emboli in disc (burcellosis)
Usually causes hemorrhage or Pyogranulomatous inflame

Question 20

Parelaphostrongylus tenuis

Answer 20

Meningeal worm of deer
Sheep goats, alpacas are ID
Neurological disease comes from spinal cord compression & secondary inflammation to migrating nematodes
Eosinophilia & lymphoplasmacytic